Algorithmic Synergy and Architectural Form Generation Mechanisms

Today, the architecture field is witnessing a noticeable evolution regarding the used tools that the designer should invest in a peculiar way that is made available in architecture through the concept of synergy generally and algorithmic synergy specifically. The synergy is meant to study and analyze the cooperative behavior of complex systems and self-organizing systems that leads to different outputs referred to by the synergy as the (whole), which is bigger than the sum of parts and in architecture, it's translated as the architectural form. This point resulted in a need of a specific study regarding the concept of synergy that focuses on the cooperative, synergistic relations within the trilogy of (form, structure, and material) and clarifies the role of technological evolution of design tools through algorithmic synergy in formulating that relation, thus resulted in the research's problem which came in the following statement (The lack of clear knowledge of the algorithmic synergy and its mechanisms in generating and discovering the architectural form digitally) and to solve this problem and Achieving the research goal which is represented in (Clarifying the knowledge regarding the role of algorithmic synergy and its mechanisms in generating and discovering the architectural form digitally), the research clarifies the concept of "Synergy" in general and "Algorithmic Synergy" precisely in order to get the epitome of vocabulary on the theoretical part and moving on to the practical application on elected projects samples moving on to the conclusions and recommendations that shows having the architecture a self-organizing synergy system connects the designer and the developed digital tool that is provided by algorithmic synergy, plays a vital role in reaching the digitally synergized whole that represented by the architectural form.

In its search of achieving perfection and elevating the different goals of society and individuals, architecture has synergized with many sciences and knowledge fields to give the designer the ability to find unique, innovative solutions and achieving goals and utopian ambitions of designers in order to create a unique and special architectural output in any stage of the design process. The concept of synergy in architecture first surfaced in the most basic form referring the whole behavior that describes the behavior of structural systems that cannot be predicted through the individual behavior of these systems' elements, afterward came a number of studies that went on to clarify the concept briefly or implicitly through a number of conceptions that all of them had a common element of looking at architecture as one of the complex systems that its elements interact to reach an output (architectural form) shown by the different and bigger whole which is greater than the sum of parts. And with the technological development and the digital control of relations that connect the elements of architecture with each other that gave birth to new readings in architectural output and the mechanisms of its emergence and finding, came the need to study the concept of synergy and its application in architecture and its role in generating architectural form, as the research takes the concept of synergy in general and the algorithmic synergy specifically to create a group of vocabulary that connects algorithmic synergy and its mechanisms with the operations of generating architectural form. So, the following came into view:  The research problem is set in the following statement: (The lack of clear knowledge of the algorithmic synergy and its mechanics in generating and discovering the architectural form digitally)  The research goal: Clarifying the knowledge regarding the role of algorithmic synergy and its mechanisms in generating and discovering the architectural form digitally.  And the hypothesis is as follows: The mechanisms of algorithmic synergy that is a result of the designer's realization of the tool's logic and behavior in the design process plays a big role in enabling the designer to generate, discover, and analyze contemporary forms.  The research follows the following methodology: constructing the theoretical framework of the main conception of the research that is the algorithmic synergy and its connections in 2. PART ONE: THE GENERAL THEORETICAL SHOWCASE 2.1 General look on the Synergy concept 2.1.1 The linguistic and idiomatic definition of the synergy concept  According to Al-Moheet Dictionary: The word (Ta'Azar) (Arabic for Synergy) root is (Azara) (Synergized) means surrounding, and power, and synergy: Equality, adjacency, and cooperation, and synergizing: covering and empowering, and it is said; a synergetic victory meaning a very grand one (Al-Fayrouzabadi, 2005).  Synergy or Synergism is a term taken from the Greek word Synergos meaning (to work together). It refers to the activity that two or more effects or separated elements that work together create a bigger effect than that predicted through knowing the separated effects of these singular elements on their own (Berrett, 2007). Synergetics is defined as the science of static and dynamic group activities in multi-element closed and open systems with the existence of interactions between the system units (Zhang, 1991). The synergy focuses on the selforganizing operations and the phenomena that lead to great changes in the types and functions of those systems that are a result of the cooperation of its subsystems (Haken, 1979), where synergy takes steps towards overlapping and synthesizing the natural and human sciences (Knyazeva, 1999).
According to the previous points, the synergy is a (method) focused on discovering and studying the connection resulted from the cross-pollination of two or more elements in a process where the whole (which is the result of the common cooperative effects and self-organizing ones between the connected parts that leading to forming unique and expressive structures) bigger than the singular effect of those parts.

Architecture and synergy
Architecture, in its wider definition and meaning, is the synergy of art and science (Lankhorst, et al., 2017). The history of architecture interconnects with the history of mathematics, philosophy, and engineering on different levels, the designers used a set of concepts and terminologies from these fields to help them in their specific speeches (Nawari and Kuenstle, 2015). Architect (Buckrninster Fuller) says that our language and concepts aren't enough to understand the world in all of its dimensions, and so, to imagine a harmonized future, new concepts and representations must be generating that will producing artifacts that have the ability to affect the human behavior and singular human habits (Lama, et al., 2011), one of these concepts is the Synergetics, that is described as the arrangements that are cross beneficial for all parts and elements or a combined entity that has a value which is bigger than the sum of the parts (Weingardt, 2006). And Fuller sees that the synergy is a whole system behavior that is unexpected and unpredictable just by knowing the behavior of the separate parts that form it, so it's a discovering strategy that starts with the whole (Fuller, 1979). Architecture followed the generic sequential development of the trilogy (Form -Structureand Material) (Oxman & Oxman, 2010) that work with each other in a way that cannot predict the whole behavior of this trilogy through analyzing any of them separately (Weinstock, 2010). Today, contemporary architecture witnesses a move away from determined forms and plans in the ways of design, towards more complex scenarios. This means design problems that cannot be solved through a series of linear steps of logical thinking. This transformation requires developing new ways to design and process different fields collectively (Kasimati and Panagoulia, 2013), which is represented through the exchange of information, connections, and the capabilities of digital design, where the newly created software abilities have been transforming design and finding form into the digital realm, where it's looked at the design and development process as a non-linear process that could be reformed and changed at any stage and in any direction (Bentscheff and Gengnagel, 2010).
In addition to structural synergy between architecture and structure, and the material synergy between architecture and material and under the use of the newly brought digital software, architecture is developing within the trilogy (Form -Structure -Material) in a non-linear way relying on a goal set by the designer or the nature of the project or other affecting elements that affect the design process. Form (is a verb, not a noun (Werner, 2011)) relates to the evolution of digital technology that relates to its generating and finding processes that was made for architecture by the concept of (Algorithmic Synergy) which the research discusses, and as shown below.

Algorithmic synergy
The design strategies are built from different tools and decisions that are based on the used technology and the designers' skills or architects. Added to that, the personal experiences and visual/cognitive perception and physical interactivity in space. And this means that these strategies come encoded with cognitive and physical data (Werner, 2011). With the advancement of digital technology and the variety of human needs and functional requirement linked to multiple goals and targets, came the need of the existence of a relationship between the designer and the digital tool that enables them to find and discover different forms and simulate different phenomena in ways that differ from the ordinary ways. This paragraph clarifies the synergetic relation between the designer and the tool according to a synergetic approach based on a common language between them, which is the programming language or the algorithmic language.

First: The tool in architecture
Through the past few years, the hand drawing method was replaced with the computer aided design to help the designer form the creative processes that they wouldn't be able to invent without the help of these tools (Sobejano, 2011) which in turn evolved with the introduction of parametric features that enable Changes. The parametric tools started to put the spotlight on the logic of renewal or generating that through it, discovering complex forms became possible. The insertion of programming languages was for decades. Its popularity sparked lately in architecture, which raised interest in the computational approach in design, like the generative design. The generative design is defined by generating forms that are determined with algorithms, the insertion and use of programming languages lead to the development of the used algorithms as part of the design process to produce unique designs and achieving change in the design itself. The generative systems provide a synergy between the creativity and intuition of a designer and the computer abilities (Fernandes, 2013) which could lead to creating a connection between the professionals of different fields (Knyazeva, 1999), and allows the interaction with the design solution space that could bypass the restrictions put on human and time (Fernandes, 2013).

Second: Programming language (language or behavior of tool)
Many academic researches and advanced practices focused on the attempt to get rid of the restrictions forced by applications and software and discovering new ways to process this software from inside to find solutions and undiscovered forms through programming (Tedeschi, 2014). It is considered a formal method to express ideas through three mechanisms: (Elements or primitive expressions, methods or mechanisms of combining and methods or mechanisms of abstraction) (Abelson, et al., 1996). Programming provides a common world of conversation as a result of interactivity processes between designers and computers, and as a result, the abilities of humans 118 and machines is widened, programming languages that are used in the generative design process are divided into two types (Champion and Chien, 2010), as shown in Fig.1: a) Visual Programming Language -VPL: Which allows describing the program in a twodimensional representation, which is made of unique elements (Also called Iconic components (Leitão and Proença, 2014)). b) Textual Programming Language -TPL: In which, the software is described using a linear order of letters ( The programming language enables the designer to know the behavior of the tool used in the design process and gives them the ability to translate their ideas and their different information into a digital language that can be understood by the tool to produce a unique synergetic dialogue that combines the behavior of the tool and behavior of the designer to compose an inventive Whole embodied in the final form in a synergetic digital environment.

Third: Digital (computational) synergetic design
The design process that makes use of the abilities of computing and computerization and works on combining the new digital technologies or emerged through the organized process of production based on interactivity between form and information is defined as the Computational Design (Rossi and Buratti, 2018). The computational design, by its branches and names such as (Generative design, bio morphogenetic, parametric design, and algorithmic design) was the stage that produced a revolution in the computer's role in the form-finding process, the computational design is all about using the power of algorithms in coding through computers to discover the ability to reiterate forms and solve problems unlimitedly, and do very complex geometrical math (Fathi, et al., 2016). By counting on two synergetic approaches: From one side, the computational design focuses especially on the tools of design and graphic representation which demands to build a new system with a computational nature that takes into account the design priorities, and on the side hand, computational design interprets design as a practice of horizontal interaction that works according to the basic components of the design itself (Rossi and Buratti, 2018). The computational design term represents the synergetic mechanism that combines creativity and designer's thoughts and the computing ability that the tool (Computer) is used for in a digital environment to find the form and create as many alternatives as possible, through the designer's description of the variables of the design process using a number of elements specialized in computational design in specific digital representations that will be clarified later on.

a) Elements of synergetic computational Digital Design
In the context of digital thinking, the ways and tools of computational design can be explained through its relationship with a number of main elements that work on its organization and these are (Rossi and Buratti, 2018):  Algorithms: This type of modeling process depends on programming languages that are used to express a group of instructions in a certain shape that can be executed using a computer through a process of predetermined steps that is the algorithm (Tedeschi, 2014). The algorithm includes a group of processes like inference, induction, abstraction, generalizing, and organized logic (Terzidis, 2004). And through them, different geometrical forms are produced, and that can be done by writing these steps and translating them into the specific program language, and keeping in mind a group of qualities including: 1.
An algorithm is a group of correctly predetermined instructions.

2.
The algorithm depends on a group of clear and determined inputs.

3.
The algorithm generates outputs that are well defined (Tedeschi, 2014).  Parameters: Parameters refer to a database that, through it, it's possible to edit a certain status of all elements or information that belongs to that state (Rossi and Buratti, 2018). and it may represent the values or rules or group of parameters that define the functional efficiency or even algorithms or any other part of the design (Tedeschi, 2014), (Alfaris, 2009).  Objects: Any system is usually made of objects or things that are part of or, physical or abstract variables inside the system (Alfaris, 2009), in programming, objects are defined as abstract entities prepared to achieve something specific, and also it can be reused in many other applications of different contexts and environments (Rossi and Buratti, 2018).

b) Methods (a mechanism) of synergetic computational Digital Design
The form of mathematical design is represented by the type of programming language used in three methods on different abstract levels (Celani and Vaz, 2012), as follows:  Iconic representation: On a more realistic way, parametric representations can be described as Iconic representations, for example, some programs like CAD software allows specified parametric relations between graphic entities visually in a direct way on the screen as in programs like MicroStation and later versions of AutoCAD (Celani and Vaz, 2012).  Analogue representation: This one uses active Visual Programming Languages to discover forms through the generating in the representation process. Icons are used to represent and process entities in an indirect way through environments. It allows describing visual relations between entities without the need to write code or specific encode as in Generative Component's Symbolic Diagram and Grasshopper language (software), that represents node-based algorithmic editor. It represents singular components connected in different ways depending on a Visual Programming Language to create programs (Melendez, 2019).  Symbolic representation: This uses text-based textual programming languages to represent architectural form using text and numbers to describe and execute operations on graphic entities, and the likes of this type are all scripting languages of CAD, Rhino Script, AutoLisp, VBA (Celani and Vaz, 2012). As was previously noted, in mathematical design, in a synergetic way programming fields (Behavior of tool) and design (Designer's mind) are merged to define architecture, it can be stated that the methods or mechanics of architectural form representation; is done through either Analogue representation which utilizes Visual programming languages, or the Symbolic one which utilizes textual programming languages. Both of them depend on generative design to generate and discover architectural form using algorithms, parameters as well as objects according Journal of Engineering Volume 26 September 2020 Number 9 120 to the vision of the designer taking into consideration that textual programming languages proved more freedom in dealing with the tools and enables the designer to develop and build his own tools depending on the nature of his information or need or according to a certain target or goal.

Fourth: Self-organized generative algorithmic synergy
The generative design is looked at as cooperation between human beings and computers (Cogdell, 2018). It's described as being a design methodology that depends on rules and algorithms to generate form. The algorithms and rules are usually derived from computational tools like processing programming language, Rhino, and Grasshopper and other scripting platforms in a repetitive process that depends on exchanging comments between the designer and the design system that is transformed through a computer into a series of outputs with the ability to edit it according to feedback. The Italian architect (Celestino Soddu) defines the generative design as a morphogenetic process done through organized algorithms as non-linear systems to produce unlimited results, unique and not repeatable like nature (Agkathidis, 2015). Generative design ties strongly with the digital formation which is described as a self-organizing process as seen in the growth in living creatures that architects can benefit, be inspired, and learn from it (Hensel, 2006), (Agkathidis, 2015) because it provides a diverse knowledge that helps designers finding architectural solutions through simulating life in nature (Al-khafaji and Mahmoud, 2019). Also, the developed methods of generative design in architecture use the idea of self-organization, which is also called self-arrangement, based on certain concepts such as (cellular automata -Fractal -agents and crowd theory (swarm intelligence) -evolutionary systems) that are through which the form is generated (Petruševski, 2012). As (Labelle, et al., 2010) see that self-organizing processes, if analyzed could lead to an understanding of how forms are generated, in computers field, lately noticed an increase in scientists' interest regarding selforganizing systems, in an attempt to use these systems to create new methods of the problem solving (Narahara, 2008) where the textual parametric software's user interface allows the discovery of new qualities of a self-organizing process in the architectural context (Labelle, et al., 2010) where self-organizing behavior is done through what's called (Stigmergy -One of swarm intelligence phenomena in nature) which has an important feature where structure is formed through dialogue which depends on the density of available symbols and not on the variety of meaning (Dron, 2007). Stigmergy is considered an important technology in behavioral formation because it provides a method to merge architectural forms in a generative process that depends on creating feedback between agents or digital software that creates them (Snooke, 2014). The previous paragraph shows that Algorithmic Synergy shown in Fig. 2 is based on the communication between the designer and tool (computer) in an active interaction and selforganized dialogue where the programming language is the common language of interactivity which allows the designer to translate design information and simulate self-organizing natural phenomena to generate, evaluate, and develop different architectural forms.

Study analysis
This study tries to reach the whole behavior that describes the design process as a result of an integral synergetic relation between the designer and the computer tool where the algorithmic language (Programming language) is used as a tool of communication between the designer and the digital tool in order to achieve the designer's or design's goals and targets that represented in architectural forms.

Brief Description
This study discussed the method or the way of using a computer for architecture within two main terms: Computerisation and computational thinking, and it seemed that the dominant method for using computers in architecture is computerization (PP. 94) which exposes the design process to the effects or (Whorfian) hypothesis (p. 98) that states that different languages allow transferring different types of messages (Hunt & Agnoli, 1991) and because the tool as described by the study itself, is used to describe the synergetic interaction between designers and computers, the study suggested an alternative which is the algorithmic design that is based on the computational thinking that makes the designer use a group of algorithmic operations like shape grammars, mathematical models, topological properties, genetic systems, mappings, and morphisms, to discover unfamiliar properties and form behaviors (PP. 95, 100).

Study analysis
The study referred to the synergy concept in its description of the tools that are used as a method to describe the effects that are a result of synergetic interaction between the designers and the computers, where those effects represent the architectural output (form) that is reached through collective thinking and reciprocal relation between the designer and the tools and dealing with the tool using the language of the tool itself by prioritizing computational thinking over Computerisation because it depends on Journal of Engineering Volume 26 September 2020 Number 9 122 strategies or algorithmic operations that uses a mechanism to discover unknown areas of form behavior and expanding the boundaries of the human mind.

Brief Description
This study indicated that the developments of the material are an opportunity to reconsider architecture as a part of its environment by taking into account the characteristics of the material based on interactions between the components of the material system itself and between the system and its environment. In this reaction self-organization of the material generates systems in which the components communicate with each other through proximity, bonding and geometrical configuration between the materials that lead to the emergence of various characteristics and properties (P. 319) that can be used as Inputs (parameters) in the design process to generates flexible and non-linear architectural systems and achieving the artificial self-systems where the form is generated as a part of a synergistic relationship between material thresholds and design goals (P. 321). In this process, the computational generating tools and associative modeling gain an integrated role in design by creating feedback between generation and analysis in search of coherent compositions within a multiple parameter range Uses (P. 322).

Study analysis
The study mentioned the role of computational simulation of self-organized interactions and the various properties of the material in generating systems and architectural forms based on a synergistic relationship between the material and the design goals that generating in turn feedback between the generation and analysis processes in search of various and innovative forms that in turn achieve the desired aim or goal.

Brief Description
The study noted that the rise of computers and the generative operations and form-finding using computer languages depends on three dimensions of performance, these are an empirical dimension shown through physical data like the force, heat and the amount of light, and the cognitive dimension which is related to functions and logical operations and focuses on the method that is translated to a specific space and vice versa, and the perceptual dimension that relates to the concept of inactive emotional realization and focuses on the way that could be translated into space and vice versa (Grobman, 2012). This information is considered as a condition for evaluating and checking the synergy between form and performance through three mechanisms. These are memorization that indicates the ability of architecture to include specific information regarding a subject or phenomena or an essence of something specific and adding the form over essence, and association: the interconnection between the cultural standard and political and community standards to search for perfect examples and finding forms, and connection: Architecture is an open-source, the products of architecture are no longer independent, it depends on different knowledge dimensions. The architectural formation that is imagined has a certain degree of performance that depends on the symbiotic relationship with other fields of different human activities (Sprecher, 2012).

Study analysis
The amount of information that is provided through interpreting functional needs of the design and other needs that have effects on the performance is what design can be used to evaluates and checks on the existence of synergy between form and performance (Function), because performance in this operation is a generative element of form by using computer language that The algorithmic synergy allows for the designer to work with it through three main -previously mentioned-notions of memorization, association and connection, they work on add something new to the knowledge and information and work on creating symbiotic relations between form and other human-based activities.

Brief Description
This study focuses on nature's role in achieving the synergetic integration with architecture because nature has been alive for billions of years and that helped develop many structural systems especially Deployable ones that could be learned from living systems like the growth of leaves or the beetle's wing opening that could be transferred to architecture through generative technologies (P. 127-151) that includes the principles of Deployable ones that is inspired by the art of Origami (Paper folding art) and other systems inspired by biological systems especially Biomimetics which forming in animals and plants, these principles are developed using generative technologies to make many structural systems (P. 17).

Journal of Engineering
123 Study analysis In this study, architecture is connected each and every form of life on earth through using the term synergetic integration that is connected to different specialties and invested in simulating systems and life forms in nature using generative technologies considering it the first step in synergetic integration that the architecture could deal with to reach ideas and concepts embodies on forms with real meanings.

Brief Description
In the context of synergy, the study proposed a new framework that represents synergy (SAS -Structure and Architecture Synergy) which provides a useful language for understanding the structure in relation to its close relationship to architecture, allowing the integration of structural decision-making at an early stage of the design thinking process. The framework in a collaborative work environment using building information modeling (BIM) tools combines the following vocabulary: structural melody which introduces a structural design language that clarifies the relationships between systems and details and aims to provide the basic vocabulary and grammar for expressing design ideas (P. 5-11-13). And structural poetry aimed at learning from the natural growth process by designing self-assembling systems (P. 23). The third stage, which includes structural analysis, which aims to analyze the structural elements of the generated model through a set of tools provided by modeling that relate to the balance of forces, reactions, shear force, bending moment and other concepts that enhance the stability of the structure (P. 28).

Study analysis
It is noted from the above that the study provided a framework or methodology based on the concept of synergy between architecture and structure through the interaction between structural concepts and architecture in three stages through which the elements of the structural system and the various relationships are employed in generating the final architectural form and by relying on the process of self-assembly of living cells in an environment Collaborative work provided by digital BIM technology.

Brief Description
This study turns an eye to simulating or mimicking nature to achieve ecological-technological synergy, which is the state that the relation between technological power and the natural life becomes comfortable for both rather than being as competing, it's more cooperative. It could be achieved through mimicking nature through three levels, on a bio-functional level, on form level, or on a material level which could make the best use of natural resources, this study focused on form-finding ("Frei Otto" architectural method) that depending on formation and self-organization processes that are available in the natural world and could help develop synergetic architecture in the future (P. 2-15).

Study analysis
This study deals with synergy as an approach that drives architecture towards using advanced technology that is represented by computational technologies to discover the form and generate it through simulation and nature mimicking process on the level of form and vital processes by simulating the processes of formation and self-organizing that exist in nature to generate cooperative structures that is synergetic on the technological-ecological level.

Brief Description
As a solution to the problem addressed by the study regarding random construction of vernacular architecture, the study proposed applying the concept of modular architecture through synergy between two opposite sides: order and chaos as a strategy that can be used to respond to the needs of residents (P. 71). Modular architecture, as covered by the study, has taken a synergy strategy to solve a specific problem by generating a compound form or a hybrid object according to a specific mathematical rule and a stable algorithm can be accessed from (order and chaos) that can provide through it the functional flexibility, population needs, and aesthetic demands while taking into account future expansion, cost and sustainability (P. 79-80).

Study analysis
The synergy in opposite sides such as order and chaos can create a wide range of solutions embodied in modular architecture and addressed by the study to solve the problem of random architecture due to its functional flexibility and aesthetic diversity in the units or parts that are collected in a specific compound according to a specific algorithm.

Extracting theoretical framework vocabulary
This paragraph is set to extract the most important vocabulary (Main and secondary) that are mentioned in previous knowledge that the study has discussed to form the theoretical part regarding the algorithmic synergy and form generation mechanics, as shown in Table 2.

Create constructive communication between specialists from different scientific disciplines
Explore new ways of processing programs from inside in order to find unexplored solutions and forms.
Unlimited repetition of forms, problem-solving and highly complex engineering calculations Understand how forms are generated by studying self-organizing processes in an architectural context Utilizing self-organizing systems to devise ways to solve problems Promoting sustainability Generate flexible, non-linear architectural systems Design process integration Merging the structural decision-making process at an early stage in the design thinking process Providing functional flexibility, population needs and aesthetic demands, taking cost into account.

PART TWO: A PRACTICAL STUDY
After discussing the knowledge regarding synergy concept in architecture in the first part of the study in general and algorithmic synergy and mechanisms of form generation especially, the second part of the study which is the practical study will apply the vocabulary of the theoretical framework on a group of selected project samples represented by: 126 2. These samples should refer to the innovative product (different from the sum of the parts according to the synergistic logic), which can be distinguished according to the fact that the elected samples gained prizes in an international competition according to specific evaluations. 3. Using advanced digital technology (programming language) to find and generate the form. 4. The implicit referring to the integrated relationship provided by advanced digital technology, (programming language), between different engineering disciplines.

Description of elected samples
This paragraph includes giving a general description of the elected research samples according to a group of available information about these samples, and it's being used to verify and check the hypotheses of the research as shown below.

Defining Description
This suggestion depends strongly on the architectural forms that learn from nature and uses the main principles of animal and plant structures (www.designboom.com). The design develops using the self-organizing system through swarm intelligence method which is a processing system that uses algorithms akin to natural biological processes and applied on digital examples (www.archdaily.com) where the structure and final form was generated using Crowding Gene Algorithms (Crowding GA) (Schinegger, et al., 2012) that works on organizing the building façade (www.designboom.com) while taking into consideration the wind weight taken from eight different directions and the final direction of evaluation is the worst direction. The generative process is done through applying a special variable that plans the population group into another: Where a married couple of people are selected and transformed and intersect leading to the production of two children, then defining each child efficiency would be compared to the original child if the child shows a better result and efficiency it will be elected to be part of the next generative process. Otherwise, the original child would be selected, and the final tower structure is chosen like that, which represents the synergetic merge of ideas and building after calculating and comparing more than 2,500,000 alternative solutions (Schinegger, et al., 2012). The tower is designed as a zero-carbon building and also is designed to operate as a self-contained system and provides 100% of its energy from renewable energy generation on-site (www.archdaily.com). 127 One of the newly completed buildings, which consists of multiple buildings, the main one includes the Research Center, which is the largest one, the library, the information technology center, and a prayer hall. Each building consists of a group of irregular hexagonal cells, Each cell contains an irregular polygon court or a closed central foyer with a Polygonal roof opening (Eilouti, 2019), These cells were generated through a rhombus based grid that was processed in various ways using analogy and metaphor for the design development and derived from the concept of a living cell or energy which It is represented as a leaf cell, a petrol molecule, honeycomb unit, and water molecule, as it also appears that it is inspired by sand crystals that symbolize the desert and the charcoal pieces that symbolize the origin of petroleum, these concepts were digitally represented as a hexagonal parametric cell that is repeated and regulated based on the concept of a primitive cell that is repeated to form living organisms that generates in turn a mix of modular and random units in the interface design and outdoor spaces (Landscape) (Eilouti, 2018), (Eilouti, 2019). The KAPSARC represents the combination of deconstruction architecture and fractal engineering based on nature to generate a system that appears to be random from the surface but hides beneath it a well-organized structure. Also in order to enhance the local culture, a number of Islamic ornamations were reproduced in an abstract and contemporary way (Eilouti, 2018). The custom parametric scripting tools also helped to design an integrated work path between the different specializations that allowed the transformation of those surfaces into rational engineering forms of steel that can be manufactured and installed and it is more clearly and more cost-effective. Also These tools helped in ensuring optimal structural performance and helped in the creation of the 3D BIM model for structural analysis (www.arup.com). Also, the construction, lighting, natural ventilation, intelligent control and interactive systems also reflect The Continuous reaction between the natural cells of living organisms and their environment (Eilouti, 2018) , as (Zaha Hadid) proposed an approach to achieving sustainability not only with the technology used in the building envelope but also through comprehensive thinking in form as well (Kang, 2015), KAPSARC was awarded LEED Platinum certified by the American Green Building Council and was chosen as the best building in the Kingdom in the Honeywell Smart Building Awards program based on criteria that include sustainability, safety and productivity (www.archdaily.com).

Defining Description
In 2010 an international competition was announced to introduce a new building for V&A Dundee. The challenge facing architects was to suggest an inspiring home for the first design museum in Scotland -a waterfront building that would reconnect Dundee with the Tay River and its maritime history. Of the 120 architectural ideas presented, six were chosen in the shortlist, which ended with the selection of the concept submitted by Kengo Kuma and Associates according to thousands of questionnaires and comments submitted by members of the public (www. Architectmagazine.com). The goal of the architect in the design of the building was to capture the essence of the cliffs around the rugged Scottish coast, as it seems, according to him, as if the land and water had a long conversation and finally created this amazing form that looks like the front of the ship in a dynamic model that grows upward which was generated according to Parametric approach through algorithms that are written Journal of Engineering Volume 26 September 2020 Number 9 128 specifically for the purposes of splitting and meshing so that the structural model can be generated within hours instead of weeks. The 3D model also showed the response of the generated form to the forces and stresses with the ability to modify it skillfully while keeping the original idea by analyzing a set of models generated until reaching the optimum design (Butler, et al., 2019) which is two Inverted pyramids separate on the ground floor and then twist to connect in the upper floor of the galleries which leads to the presence of an open corridor in the center of the museum that reconnected the city to the river and works to simulate the royal memorial arch that was built nearby in 1844. Also the generated form was covered by dramatic lines from Precast concrete that creating in turn patterns of shadows which change in different times of day (www.architectmagazine.com). In order to enhance sustainability and through tests made using computational modeling it was found that the most suitable form of renewable energy for the building is geothermal energy through wells and heat pumps operating below the outer plaza and around the building, and in addition to natural ventilation and the high level of control systems the building obtained a BREEAM rating Excellent for the effectiveness of his energy strategy (Butler, et al., 2019).

Applying and Measuring Variables Using Analytic Descriptive Method
This paragraph discusses the descriptive measurement where the research adopted the qualitative scale based on the descriptive analytical approach to test the amount of verification for each vocabulary or variable by referring to it in the table and giving it value (0) for not achieving that variable and value (1) for achieving it. This method aims to know how involved the mechanisms of algorithmic synergy vocabulary and their role in generating and discovering a digital form in the overall design process. This measurement process is carried out in a frequency table that includes the vocabulary under test and elected samples, repetition values, and the percentage of each vocabulary in a sample using (Excel 2016) software, as shown below.

Analyzing Results
The application side results, as shown in Fig. 3 has shown the following:  The selected samples have been used algorithmic synergy mechanisms (X) for the purpose of generation and discovering architectural form, as these samples adopted a set of mechanisms that showed the results of the application using them in varying ratio that depended in the first Journal of Engineering Volume 26 September 2020 Number 9 131 place on the digital conversation (Coding) using a programming language and information exchange, and collective thinking that combines the designer and tool in order to express and form thoughts using a symbolic computational representation of data that combines different algorithmic processes that connects the standards, values, as well as simulating multidimensional sources with the ability to edit the form continuously using feedback.  The selected samples have invested algorithmic synergy mechanisms in simulating natural selforganizing phenomena by means of Self-organized generative algorithmic synergy (Y) based on a simulation of the self-organizing processes of living systems in a self-organized dialogue (stigmagery) between designer and the digital tool.  The use of the selected samples for the algorithmic synergy and its mechanisms in the purpose generating and exploring the architectural form involves a set of designer-specific goals that have been addressed by the Goals of using algorithmic synergy mechanisms to digitally generate the architectural form (Z) ranged from exploring new ways to solve problems facing the designer to meet the desires and needs and taking into account aesthetic aspects and creating constructive communication between different engineering disciplines in order to explore complex architectural forms and work to enhance sustainability and energy saving. The results have shown that the following hypothesis is correct: (The mechanisms of algorithmic synergy that is a result of the designer's realization of the tool's logic and behavior in the design process plays a big role in enabling the designer to generate, discover, and analyze contemporary forms.) based on different methods and expression mechanisms that have been adequately addressed by the vocabulary of the theoretical framework.

CONCLUSIONS
The constructing of the knowledge and theoretical framework and doing the practical study on a group of elected project samples lead the study to a group of conclusions that all focus on using the mechanisms of algorithmic synergy in generating and discovering architectural form as follows: S e l f -or g a n i ze d g e n e r a t i ve a l g or i t h mi c s yn e r g y ( Y) G oa l s of u s i n g a l g or i t h mi c s yn e r g y me c h a n i s ms t o d i g i t a l l y g e n e r a t e a r c h i t e c t u r a l f or m ( Z)