Evaluation the Western Canal of Al- Ishaqi Irrigation Project
Main Article Content
Abstract
The water scarcity that Iraq suffers from and the low irrigation efficiency in irrigation projects, therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the performance of the irrigation system of the western canal for the Ishaqi irrigation project in Salah al-Din Governorate to determine the water management strategies that can be used to improve the irrigation efficiency in the project. The performance of the field irrigation system was evaluated on two fields of different crops and irrigation methods according to the agricultural reality of the study area in the Western canal for the Al-Ishaqi Irrigation Project in Salah Al-Din Governorate. The fieldwork included measurements of the moisture content before and after irrigation, field capacity, and measuring the inflow of each field using a venturi flume to find the discharge inside the field and measuring the depth of the root during the growing season. The field measurements showed that the actual average water application efficiency for field W1, which is irrigated with the Border irrigation system is 36.1%, and in field W2, which is irrigated with the furrow irrigation system is 26.8%. As for the water distribution efficiency, the average distribution efficiency for fields W1 and W2 was about 98.8% and 98.4%, respectively. Field measurements showed that the actual conveyance efficiency of the western canal is 93.1%. The overall project efficiency for the western canal was 28.3%. The results of this evaluation conducted in the western canal t revealed that farmers are using more water than required, resulting in a large amount of water loss in the fields by deep permeation observed in this study due to inefficient use, poor irrigation schedule, and lack of knowledge and skills sufficient farmers have in managing water.
Article received: 20/07/2022
Article accepted: 10/10/2022
Article published: 01/05/2023
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Alcon, F., García-Bastida, P.A., Soto-García, M., Martínez-Alvarez, V.. Martin-Gorriz, B., and Baille, A., 2017, Explaining the performance of irrigation communities in a water-scarce region. Irigation Science, 35, pp.193–203. doi:10.1007/s00271-016-0531-7
Almasraf, S. A. and Salim, A. H., 2018. Improvement of the Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Eggplant by Using Subsurface Water Retention Technology. Journal of Engineering, 24(3), pp. 152–160. doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2018.03.12
AL Mosawi, M., and Al Thamiry, H., 2022. Evaluation of Elaj Irrigation Project in Babil Governorate. Journal of Engineering, 28(8), pp. 21–33. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2022.08.02.
Biswas, A.K., 1990, Monitoring and evaluation of irrigation projects. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 116(2), pp. 227-242. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1990)116:2(227)
Clemmens, A.J., and Molden. D.J., 2007. Water Uses and Productivity of Irrigation Systems. Irrigation Science, 25(3), pp. 247–61. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006095
Directorate of Al-Isahqi irrigation project, 2022, Map Department, Ministry of Water Resources in Iraq.
Dumanski, J., and Pieri, C., 2000. Land quality indicators: research plan. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 81(2), p.93102. doi:10.4236/health.2018.102020
Egharevba, NA, 2009. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (Principles, Design, and Practices). Jos University Press., pp 24-32.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 1989. Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Surface Irrigation Systems: Irrigation and Drainage Paper. No. 45. FAO, Rome.
Hansen, V.E., 1960. New concepts in irrigation efficiency. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng/ASAE 3:55–64. doi: 10.13031/2013.41084
Israelson, O.W., Criddle, W.D., Fuhriman, D.K., and Hansen, V.E., 1944. Water-application Efficiencies in Irrigation Bulletin No. 311.
Latif, M., and Ahmad, F., 2008. Operational analysis of water application of a sprinkler irrigation system installed in a Golf Course. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 134 (4), pp. 446-453. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:4(446)
Murray-Rust. H., and Snellen, W.B, 1993, Irrigation system performance assessment and diagnosis. (Joint publication of IIMI, ILRI, and IHE.) IIMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Musa, J.J., Mustapha, I.H., Yerima, I.Y., Kuti, I.A., and Abogunrin, M.E., 2016, Evaluation of irrigation application efficiency: a case study of Chinchaga irrigation scheme. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology, and Environment; Vol. 12: 58-64
Mayer, A.L., 2008. Strengths and weaknesses of common sustainability indices for multidimensional systems. Environment International, 34(2), pp. 277–291. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.09.004
Murray-Rust. H., and Snellen, W.B, 1993, Irrigation system performance assessment and diagnosis. (Joint publication of IIMI, ILRI, and IHE.) IIMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Sathe, N.J., 2016. Investigation of Miniature Venturi Flume, Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management, 3(2), pp. 26-21P. doi:10.3759/jowrem.v3i2.1834
Small L.E., and Svendsen, M., 1992. A Framework for Assessing Irrigation Performance. Working Papers on Irrigation Performance, No. 1, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
Webster, T.P., 2014. Extension Engineer; Irrigation system types and typical applications, ACAE Pub No 32, AGDEX. No. 563.