Study the Effect of using RAP in Warm Mix Asphalt Pavement.
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Abstract
Sustainability is providing the needs without compromising the ability of the strategical forming to meet their requirements. The production of warm asphalt mixtures using recycled pavements produces economic and environmentally friendly mixtures, which is the most important advantage of this work. This research aims to determine the effect of recycled asphalt concrete (RAP) on the indirect tensile strength of warm asphalt mixtures and Marshall Properties. Models of warm asphalt mixtures using Aggregate from the Al-Nibaay quarry, Asphalt with a degree of penetration (40-50) from the refinery of the cycle, and obtained Recycled asphalt concrete from Salah Al-Din Road, Al-Ameriya area in Baghdad are prepared. Use five ratios of (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) of recycled asphalt concrete. Marshall Design method is adopted to estimate the perfect existence of the asphalt cement for sample preparation. The mixtures properties, volumetric properties, and indirect tensile strength test are evaluated to assess bonding strength. Results show that the increase in the replacement percentage of RAP causes an increase in flow and air void and decreases the bulk density, voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with Asphalt (VFA). Stability increases with increased RAP content until it reaches its peak and falls. The highest stability value is at 30% RAP by 58%, about the indirect tensile strength test. The increase in the RAP ratio increases the tensile strength and the bonding between the components. So including RAP material in warm asphalt mixtures improves properties and meets performance requirements.
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References
Ahmed, N.G., Kareem, A.I., and Abbas, A.S., 2013. Potential Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Hot MixAsphalt, Journal of Engineering, 19(10), pp.1244.
Albayati, A. H., Al-Mosawe, H. M., Allawi, A. A., & Oukaili, N., 2018.Moisture susceptibility of sustainable warm mix asphalt, Advances in Civil Engineering, P. 4, Doi: 10.1155/2018/3109435.
ASTM 2005. Standard test method for percent air voids in compacted dense and open bituminous paving mixtures.
ASTM, A., 2011. Standard test method for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of bituminous paving mixtures, in. American Society for Testing and Materials West Conshohocken, PA.
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Huang, B., Shu, X. and Vukosavljevic, D., 2011. Laboratory investigation of cracking resistance of hot-mix asphalt field mixtures containing screened reclaimed asphalt pavement, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(11), pp. 1535–1543.
Institute, A., 1981. Thickness Design--asphalt Pavements for Highways and Streets. Asphalt Inst.
Jaafar, M.A., Joni, H.H., and Karim, H.H., 2022. Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures Modified by Nanoclay Powder on Moisture Damage, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, P. 12047. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012047.
Newcomb, D.E., Brown, E.R., and Epps, J.A., 2007. Designing HMA mixtures with high RAP content: A practical guide. National Asphalt Pavement Association.
SCRB/R9 2003.General Specification for Roads and Bridges, Section R/9, Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement, Revised Edition, State Corporation of Roads and Bridges, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Republic of Iraq [Preprint].
Shu, X., Huang, B., and Vukosavljevic, D., 2008. Laboratory evaluation of fatigue characteristics of recycled asphalt mixture, Construction and Building Materials, 22(7), pp. 1323–1330. Doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.019.
Tran, B.T., and Hassan, R.A., 2011. Performance of hot-mix Asphalt containing recycled asphalt pavement, Transportation research record, 2205(1), pp. 121–129, Doi.org/10.3141/2205-16.
Ahmed, N.G., Kareem, A.I., and Abbas, A.S., 2013. Potential Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Hot MixAsphalt, Journal of Engineering, 19(10), P. 1244.
Albayati, A.H. et al., 2018 .Moisture susceptibility of sustainable warm mix asphalt, Advances in Civil Engineering, P. 4. Doi.org/10.1155/2018/3109435.
ASTM 2005. Standard test method for percent air voids in compacted dense and open bituminous paving mixtures.
ASTM, A., 2011. Standard test method for theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of bituminous paving mixtures, in. American Society for Testing and Materials West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM, A., 2015. D6927-15 Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Mixtures, ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA [Preprint].
Behnia, B. et al., 2011. Effects of recycled asphalt pavement amounts on low-temperature cracking performance of asphalt mixtures using acoustic emissions, Transportation Research Record, 2208(1), pp. 64–71. Doi.org/10.3141/2208-09.
Copeland, A., 2011. Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice. United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Research, Development, and Technology.
Daniel, J.S., and Lachance, A., 2005. Mechanistic and volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures with recycled asphalt pavement, Transportation research record, 1929(1), pp. 28–36. Doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192900104.
Hill, B., 2011. Performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt mixtures incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement.
Huang, B., Shu, X. and Vukosavljevic, D., 2011. Laboratory investigation of cracking resistance of hot-mix asphalt field mixtures containing screened reclaimed asphalt pavement, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(11), pp. 1535–1543.
Institute, A., 1981. Thickness Design--asphalt Pavements for Highways and Streets. Asphalt Inst.
Jaafar, M.A., Joni, H.H., and Karim, H.H., 2022. Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures Modified by Nanoclay Powder on Moisture Damage, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing, P. 12047. Doi 10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012047.
Newcomb, D.E., Brown, E.R., and Epps, J.A., 2007. Designing HMA mixtures with high RAP content: A practical guide. National Asphalt Pavement Association.
SCRB/R9 2003.General Specification for Roads and Bridges, Section R/9, Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement, Revised Edition, State Corporation of Roads and Bridges, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Republic of Iraq [Preprint].
Shu, X., Huang, B., and Vukosavljevic, D., 2008. Laboratory evaluation of fatigue characteristics of recycled asphalt mixture, Construction and Building Materials, 22(7), pp. 1323–1330. Doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.019.
Tran, B.T., and Hassan, R.A., 2011. Performance of hot-mix Asphalt containing recycled asphalt pavement, Transportation research record, 2205(1), pp. 121–129. Doi: 10.3141/2205-16.