Performance Evaluation of Two Stages Parallel Flow Indirect Evaporative Cooling with Aspen Pads in Baghdad Climate Conditions
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study delves into the realm of advanced cooling techniques by examining the performance of a two-stage parallel flow indirect evaporative cooling system enhanced with aspen pads in the challenging climate of Baghdad. The objective was to achieve average air dry bulb temperatures (43 oC) below the ambient wet bulb temperatures (24.95 oC) with an average relative humidity of 23%, aiming for unparalleled cooling efficiency. The research experiment was carried out in the urban environment of Baghdad, characterized by high temperature conditions. The investigation focused on the potential of the two-stage parallel flow setup, combined with the cooling capability of aspen pads, to surpass the limitations imposed by conventional cooling methods. The empirical findings underscored the capacity of the two-stage parallel flow configuration to achieve air-dry bulb temperatures surpassing the ambient wet bulb temperature.
Nonetheless, it was evident that an excessive application of water (exceeding 9 lpm) onto the aspen pads within the wet channels yielded adverse repercussions on the cooler's performance metrics, specifically in terms of wet bulb effectiveness and coefficient of performance. A range of air flows spanning from 150 CMH to 350 CMH was analyzed, revealing the influence of heightened air flow rates on the resultant dry bulb temperatures delivered by the cooling system. Notably, the peak wet-bulb effectiveness registered at 1.08, concurrently yielding a coefficient of performance measuring 7.8.
Article received: 29/06/2023
Article accepted: 19/11/2023
Article published: 01/02/2024
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Alhosainy, A.H.M., and Aljubury, I.M.A., 2019. Two-stage evaporative cooling of residential building using geothermal energy. Journal of Engineering, 25(4), pp. 29–44. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2019.04.03
Alklaibi, A.M., 2015. Experimental and theoretical investigation of internal two-stage evaporative cooler. Energy Conversion and Management, 95, pp. 140–148. Doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.035
Bai, Y., Yang, L., Zheng, S., and Huang, X., 2020. Discussion on the measures of achieving the sub-wet bulb temperature by evaporative cooling. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 467(1), P. 012044. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/467/1/012044
Boukhanouf, R., Alharbi, A., Ibrahim, H.G., Amer, O., and Worall, M., 2017. Computer modelling and experimental investigation of building integrated sub-wet bulb temperature evaporative cooling system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 115, pp. 201-211. Doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.119
Boukhanouf, R., Alharbi, A., Ibrahim, H.G., and Kanzari, M., 2013. Investigation of a sub-wet bulb temperature evaporative cooler for buildings. In Sustainable Building Conference (Vol. 13, No. 2013, pp. 70-79).
Duan, Z., Zhan, C., Zhang, X., Mustafa, M., Zhao, X., Alimohammadisagvand, B., and Hasan, A., 2012. Indirect evaporative cooling: Past, present and future potentials. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 16(9), pp. 6823-6850. Doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.07.007
El-Dessouky, H., Ettouney, H., and Al-Zeefari, A., 2004. Performance analysis of two-stage evaporative coolers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 102(3), pp. 255–266. Doi:10.1016/j.cej.2004.01.036
Hajidavalloo, E., 2007. Application of evaporative cooling on the condenser of window-air-conditioner. Applied Thermal Engineering, 27(11-12), pp. 1937-1943. Doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.12.014
Hasan, A., 2010. Indirect evaporative cooling of air to a sub-wet bulb temperature. Applied Thermal Engineering, 30(16), pp. 2460–2468. Doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.06.017
Hasan, A., 2012. Going below the wet-bulb temperature by indirect evaporative cooling: analysis using a modified ε-NTU method. Applied Energy, 89(1), pp. 237-245. Doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.005
Hashim, R.H., Hammdi, S.H., and Eidan, A., 2022. Evaporative cooling: a review of its types and modeling. Basrah J Eng Sci, 22(1), pp. 36-47. Doi:10.33971/bjes.22.1.5
Heidarinejad, G., Bozorgmehr, M., Delfani, S., and Esmaeelian, J., 2009. Experimental investigation of two-stage indirect/direct evaporative cooling system in various climatic conditions. Building and Environment, 44(10), pp. 2073–2079. Doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.02.017
Jassim, N.A., 2017. Performance enhancement of an air-cooled air conditioner with evaporative water mist pre-cooling. Journal of Engineering, 23(1), pp. 48-62. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2017.01.04
Jassim, N.A., and Haris, F.A.A., 2014. An investigation into thermal performance of mist water system and the related consumption energy. Journal of Engineering, 20(9), pp. 108-119. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2014.09.08
Kabeel, A.E., El-Samadony, Y.A.F., and Khiera, M.H., 2017. Performance evaluation of energy efficient evaporatively air-cooled chiller. Applied Thermal Engineering, 122, pp. 204-213. Doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.103
Kanzari, M., Boukhanouf, R., and Ibrahim, H.G., 2013. Mathematical modeling of a sub-wet bulb temperature evaporative cooling using porous ceramic materials. International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 7(12), pp. 900–906. Doi:10.5281/zenodo.1089154
Kashyap, S., Sarkar, J., and Kumar, A., 2020. Comparative performance analysis of different novel regenerative evaporative cooling device topologies. Applied Thermal Engineering, 176, P. 115474. Doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115474
Kheirabadi, M., 2000. Iranian cities: formation and development. Syracuse University Press. Doi:10.35632/ajis.v17i3.2043
Kline, S.J., 1963. Describing uncertainties in single-sample experiments. Mech. Eng., 75, pp. 3-8.
Kulkarni, R.K., 2011. Theoretical performance analysis of indirect–direct evaporative cooler in hot and dry climates.
Lee, J., and Lee, D.Y., 2013. Experimental study of a counter flow regenerative evaporative cooler with finned channels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 65, pp. 173–179. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.05.069
Liu, H.J., Fujii, H., Maeda, M., and Nogi, K., 2003. Mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of 1050–H24 aluminium alloy. Science and technology of welding and joining, 8(6), pp. 450-454. Doi:10.1179/136217103225005598
Mahdi, A.H., and Aljubury, I.M.A., 2021. Experimental investigation of two-stage evaporative cooler powered by photovoltaic panels using underground water. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, P. 102679. Doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102679
Mihai, B.O.G.D.A.N., 2016. How to use the DHT22 sensor for measuring temperature and humidity with the Arduino board. Acta Uiversitatis Cibiniensis–Technical Series, 68, pp. 22-25. Doi:10.1515/aucts-2016-0005
Nanyoo, 1987. Foshan Nanhai Nanyang Electrical Machinery and motor Co., Ltd. (www.ny-motor.com/en/)
Pantelic, J., Schiavon, S., Ning, B., Burdakis, E., Raftery, P., and Bauman, F., 2018. Full scale laboratory experiment on the cooling capacity of a radiant floor system. Energy and Buildings, 170, pp. 134-144. Doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.002
Paul, S.D., Jain, S.K., Das Agrawal, G., and Misra, R., 2021. Performance Analysis of Two-Stage Evaporative Cooler: A Review. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power: Proceedings of FMFP 2019, pp.701-707. Doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0698-4_77
Permana, A.N., Wibawa, I.M.S., and Putra, I.K., 2021. DS18B20 sensor calibration compared with fluke hart scientific standard sensor. International Journal of Physics and Mathematics, 4(1), pp. 1-7. Doi:10.31295/ijpm.v4n1.1225
Porumb, B., Ungureşan, P., Tutunaru, L.F., Şerban, A., and Bălan, M., 2016. A review of indirect evaporative cooling technology. Energy procedia, 85, pp. 461-471. Doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.228
Putra, N., Sofia, E., and Gunawan, B.A., 2021. Evaluation of indirect evaporative cooling performance integrated with finned heat pipe and luffa cylindrical fiber as cooling/wet media. Journal of Advanced Research in Experimental Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, 3(1), pp.16-25. www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/arefmht/article/view/3757
Riangvilaikul, B., and Kumar, S., 2010. Numerical study of a novel dew point evaporative cooling system. Energy and Buildings, 42(11), pp. 2241–2250. Doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.07.020
Taleb, A.M., and Nima, M.A, 2021. Experimental investigation of thermal performance of aluminum foil coated with polyester in a direct evaporative cooling system. Journal of Engineering, 27(4), pp. 1–15. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2021.04.01
Wang, F., Sun, T., Huang, X., Chen, Y., and Yang, H., 2017. Experimental research on a novel porous ceramic tube type indirect evaporative cooler. Applied Thermal Engineering, 125, pp.1191-1199. Doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.111
Xu, P., Ma, X., Zhao, X., and Fancey, K.S., 2016. Experimental investigation on performance of fabrics for indirect evaporative cooling applications. Building and Environment, 110, pp. 104-114. Doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.10.003
Yoeseph, N.M., Purnomo, F.A., and Hartono, R., 2022, February. Lora-based IOT sensor node for real-time flood early warning system. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 986, No. 1, P. 012060). IOP Publishing. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012060
Zhao, X., Liu, S., and Riffat, S.B., 2008. Comparative study of heat and mass exchanging materials for indirect evaporative cooling systems. Building and Environment, 43(11), pp. 1902–1911. Doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.10.010
Zhou, Y., Yan, Z., Gao, M., Dai, Q., and Yu, Y., 2021. Numerical investigation of a novel plate-fin indirect evaporative cooling system considering condensation. Processes, 9(2), P. 332. Doi:10.3390/pr9020332