Studying the Effects of Contamination on Soil Properties Using Remote Sensing
Main Article Content
Abstract
The problem of soil contamination is increased recently due to increasing the industrial wastes such as petroleum hydrocarbon, organic solvents, and heavy metals as well as maximizing the use of agricultural fertilizers. During this period, wide development of data collection methods, using remote sensing techniques in the field of soil and environment applications appear and state the suitable technique for remediation. This study deals with the application of remote sensing techniques in geoenvironmental engineering through a field spectral reflectance measurements at nine spots of naturally hydrocarbons contaminated soil in Al-Daura Refinery Company site which is located to the south west of Baghdad using radiometer device to get standard curves of wavelengths and analyzing the satellite imagery of the site to get the spectral reflectance curves using GIS technique and EARDAS software package which help in producing thematic maps for the spatial distribution and concentration of contaminants. The comparison of results showed a good correlation between the spectral reflectance from field measurements and the spectral reflectance obtained from analyzing the satellite imagery. The study also improves a method to save cost, time, efforts and staff.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Abdul Rasool H., 1999, Some Geotechnical Properties of Oil Contaminated Soil, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Baghdad.
Al-Maliky, M. A. S., 2005, Evaluation of Air, Water and Soil Pollutants in Baghdad City Using Geographic Information System (GIS), M.Sc. Thesis, College of Sciences, University of Baghdad. (in Arabic).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2003, Soil and Rock; Building, Stone; Peats.
Carr R., Zhang C., Moles N., and Harder M., 2007, Identification and Mapping of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils of a Sports Ground in Galway City, Ireland, Using a Portable XRF Analyser and GIS, Environ Geochem Health, Vol.30, PP. 45–52.
Clarke K.C., 1997, Getting Started with Geographic Information Systems, University of California, Santa Barbara. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Colwell R.N., 1983, Manual of Remote Sensing, American Society of Photogrammetry, Volume II.
ERDAS Field Guide™, 2008, Volume I, II.
Huang P. M., 2000, Soils and Ground Water Pollution and Remediation. Asia, Africa, and Oceania, Lewis Publishers.
Jensen J. R., 1996, Introductory Digital Image Processing a Remote Sensing Perspective, Second Edition. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Joseph L J. and Simonett D. S., 1976, Remote Sensing of Environment, Addison- Wesley Publishing Company.
Manchanda, M. L., Kudrat, K. & Tiwari, A. K., 2002, Soil Survey and Mapping Using Remote Sensing, Regional Remote Sensing Service Centre, Dehradun 248001, India.
Manual of Radiometer, 1983, Exoth Company, U. S. A.
Nasir, A. N. I., 2008, Geotechnical Engineering Study for Salah Al-Din Governorate Using Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques, Ph.D. Thesis, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology;
UNEP Report, 2005, Assessment of Environmental “Hot Spots” in Iraq, Report ISBN 92-807-2650-1, France.
Wu C. Y., Jacobson A. R., Laba M., Kim B., and Baveye P. C., 2009, Surrogate Correlations and Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Sensing of Trace Metal Content in Soils, Water Air Soil PoVol.209, PP. 377-390.
Yousif, B. F., 2004, The Use of Remote Sensing Techniques in the Classification of Al-Najaf Soil, M.Sc. Thesis, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology.