EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DORA REFINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Main Article Content
Abstract
Oil refineries are major contributors to local environmental problems .The main pollutants are oil , dissolved components , spent acids , suspended solids, sludge . Technically it is possible to remove all these pollutants by Physical , chemical and biological means .Oil is initially removed in the (API) separators , by skimming, while the heavy particles by scrapping . Further removal of discrete particles is done by gravity settlement in the primary settlement tank .The remaining suspended matter is removed by chemicals , that are added in the flocculation tank , while further flocs are removed in the air flotation tank . The biological treatment follows to remove the biological pollutants , usually followed by secondary settlement to reduce the flux of suspended particles carried with the effluent water. This thesis deals with the Dora refinery wastewater treatment plant , its present performance in comparison with the designed treatment performance and its final effluents compared with the Iraqi discharged water quality limitations .In order to identify the characteristics of the refinery effluents and to evaluate the performance of the refinery wastewater treatment plant , wastewater from different treatment stages were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters . Using these parameters as the criteria of performance , comparisons were made between the actual and the designed performance for various potential pollutants. The sampling was conducted during 6 months from May to October 2006 , with two samples in each month for each of the units, one before , and one after.The results showed that the wastewater treatment plant in Al-Dora Refinery performed significantly, where high removal efficiencies , were obtained. For T.S.S , Oil , COD , BOD , Sulfide and Phenol which were 95% , 88% , 86% , 81% , 85% and 97% respectively . And the plant was not very efficient in NH3 , SO4 and PO4 removal .
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
*-Askew , M.W. , Tapley , S.A., Killic , R.A. ,"Some aspects of upgrading of environmental quality standards for a refinery expansion", Proceedings of the symposium on "Protection of the environment from petroleum industry pollution",Tunis:12-15,September,PP. (365) (1982).
*-" Operations Manual for , Dora Oil refinery wastewater treatment plant".(1980).
*- Beychok , Milton R. " Aquous wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical plants . London : John Wily &Sons 225-236. (1967).
*-Bush , K.E. , " Refinery wastewater treatment and reuse " , Chemical Engineering Magazine , PP. (13) (1980) .
*- Choong Hee Rhee , Senior Engineer Paul C. Martyn , Supervising Civil Engineer Jay G. Kremer , Head , Industrial waste section " Removal of Oil and grease in Oil processing wastewaters ".(1989).
*- Christensen , E.R. , and Plaumann , K.W. , " Waste reuse : Ultrafilteration of Industrial and municipal wastewaters ", Journal of WPCF , Vol.53 , No.7 July , PP. (1206) (1981) .
*- Cobb , C.E. ," Refinery effluents ", Oily water discharges , regulatory , technical & scientific considerations , by Johnston and Morris , Applied science publishers(1980) .
*- Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) &Egyptian Pollution Abatement Project (EPAP) ," Industrial wastewater treatment plants inspection procedures manual", May ,( 2002 ).
*- Emerson process management, "Petroleum Refining Industry- API Separators",Application Data Sheet.August , (2004).
*- Engineering Standard, "Process Design of plant solid waste treatment and Disposal systems ", Original Edition . Dec., (1997) .
*- Exploration and Production (E&P), " Waste management Guidelines " , Report No.2.58/196. Sep. , (1993).
*- General Standard for ," Disposal of Solid waste "Original Edition , Dec. (1997) updated on (2004).
*- Gehr , R. , and Henry , J.G. , " Measuring and predicting floatation performance ", Journal of WPCF , Feb. , PP. (203). (1978).
*-Huber , L.," The environmental impact of refinery effluents " CONCAWE report No. 5/79 (1979) .
*-Ingersoll , A.C., " Fundamentals and performance of gravity separators " , Petroleum refinery , Vol. 30 , No.6 , June , PP. (106) (1951).
*- King , N., " Oil and the Paris convention – the U.K. view",Oily water discharges , regulatory , technical & scientific considerations , by Johnston & Morris, Applied science publishers , page (19) (1980).
*-Kuriakose , A.P. , and Manjooran , K.B. " Bituminous paints from refinery sludge " , Surface and Coatings Technology , 145 : 132 – 138 (2001).
*- Manning , Francis S. and Eric H. Snider, "Assessment Data Base for petroleum refining wastewater and residue ",Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIS, feb.(1983),94-101 .
*- Patterson , James W." Industrial wastewater treatment technology " , Stoneham , MA: Butterworth Publishers , Inc. , Second Edition , p. (273) & (277-281) (1985) .
*-Rohlich , G.A. , " Application of air flotation to refinery wastewater " , Industrial & Engineering Chemistry , Vol. 46 , No. 2 , Feb. , PP. (304) (1954).
*- " Standard Methods for the examination of water & wastewater ".(1985 ,1988 and 1990).
*- World Bank Group, "Pollution Prevention and Abatement Hanbook : Petroleum refining", Environment Departement , Washington , D.C. Effective , July (1998).
*- WRC, (Water Research Commission ), " Operation manual for Biological Nutrient Removal Wastewater treatment Works ". Report No. TT 83/97, Pretoria , South Africa (1997) .
*- Xian Lie , L. , " Wastewater treating at Lanzhou ",Hydrocarbon processing , Vol. 64 ,No. 6 , June , PP. (78) (1985) .