Impact of Date-Palm Fibers on Fine Soil’s Compaction and Strength Properties
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of date-palm fibers on the compaction and strength properties of fine soil. The laboratory tests, including specific gravity, compaction tests, and unconfined compression strength tests, were conducted, integrating different proportions (ranging from 0 to 2%) of date-palm fibers into the soil mixture. The palm fibers were divided into two distinct lengths (30 mm and 60 mm) to be mixed with the soil. Nine samples were prepared with varying proportions of date-palm fibers for the experimental investigation, aiming to specifically examine the influences exerted by both palm-fiber length and palm-fiber content on the soil's compaction and strength characteristics when mixed with date-palm fibers. The compaction test results demonstrate a decrease in the dry unit weight and an increase in the optimum moisture content by approximately 10%. Additionally, the length of the date-palm fibers impacts the optimum moisture content and the maximum dry unit weight of the soil mixture. In contrast, the unconfined compressive stress increased by about 30% with higher date-palm fiber contents. This increase in unconfined compressive stress due to increased date-palm fiber content is a significant finding, indicating improved soil strength. This finding holds the enhancing construction performance, sustainability, and cost-efficiency. In conclusion, this soil-fiber mixture shows suitable hydraulic applications. The utilization of natural materials in civil engineering demands the exploration of available natural fibers.
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
Received
Accepted
Published Online First
References
Aksu Alcan, B. and Çelik, S., 2023. The Effect of Different Fiber Reinforcement on Bearing Capacity under Strip Foundation on the Sand Soil: An Experimental Investigation. Applied Sciences, 13(17), p.9769. Doi:10.3390/app13179769.
Ali, H.A. and Yousuf, Y.M., 2016. Improvement of shear strength of sandy soil by cement grout with fly ash. Journal of Engineering, 22(12), pp.16-34. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2016.12.02.
Al-Farsi, M.A. and Lee, C.Y., 2008. Nutritional and functional properties of dates: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 48(10), pp.877-887. Doi:10.1080/10408390701724264.
Alotaibi, K.D., Alharbi, H.A., Yaish, M.W., Ahmed, I., Alharbi, S.A., Alotaibi, F. and Kuzyakov, Y., 2023. Date palm cultivation: A review of soil and environmental conditions and future challenges. Land Degradation & Development, 34(9), pp. 2431-2444. Doi:10.1002/ldr.4619.
Alqaissi, Z.H., Al-Soud, M.S., Dawood, Z.M., Faleeh, J.M. and Ahmed, A.A., 2022. Assessment of geotechnical properties of clay stabilized with jute fiber. Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 26(1), pp. 61-68. Doi:10.6180/jase.202301_26(1).0007
Al-Taie, A., Disfani, M. and Yaghoubi, E., 2021. Suitability of swelling and collapse theory proposed based on virgin compression surface. Soils and Foundations, 61(1), pp.113-128. Doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2020.11.003.
Arifin, Y.F. and Normelani, E., 2019, November. The use of natural fiber from oil palm empty fruit bunches for soft soil stabilization. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 669, No. 1, p. 012026). IOP Publishing. Doi:10.1088/1757-899X/669/1/012026.
Arifin, Y.F., Siswanto, R., Arsyad, M., Shintia, N., Ridha, M.H. and Ramadhani, M.R., 2023. Equipment for testing the tensile strength of natural fibers: Design and implementation. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1184, No. 1, p. 012002). IOP Publishing. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012002
Arunbabu, V., Indu, K.S. and Ramasamy, E.V., 2017. Leachate pollution index as an effective tool in determining the phytotoxicity of municipal solid waste leachate. Waste Management, 68, pp. 329-336. Doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.012.
ASTM D854-14 Standard, 2002. Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solid by water pycnommeter. ASTM. International, United States.
ASTM D2216-10 Standard, 2010. Standard test methods for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass. ASTM. International, United States.
ASTM D2435-04 Standard, 2011. Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading. ASTM. International, United States.
ASTM D2487-17 Standard, 2020. Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) ASTM. International, United States.
ASTM D4318-10 Standard, 2012. Standard test methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. ASTM. International, United States.
ASTM D2166-16, 2016 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil. ASTM International, United States.
ASTM D698-12 Standard, 2021. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil. ASTM. International, United States.
Bawadi, N.F., Ahmad, N.S., Mansor, A.F., Anuar, S.A. and Rahim, M.A., 2020. Effect of natural fibers on the soil compaction characteristics. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 476, No. 1, p. 012043). IOP Publishing. Doi:10.1088/1755-1315/476/1/012043.
Chegenizadeh, A. and Nikraz, H., 2011. Investigation on strength of fiber reinforced clay. Advanced Materials Research, 261, pp. 957-963. Doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.261-263.957
Darby, J.L., Snider, K.E. and Tchobanoglous, G., 1993. Ultraviolet disinfection for wastewater reclamation and reuse subject to restrictive standards. Water environment research, 65(2), pp.169-180. . Doi:10.2175/WER.65.2.10
Daud, N.N., Muhammed, A.S. and Yusoff, Z.M., 2016. Geotechnical assessment of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) mixed with granite residual soil for hydraulic barrier purposes. Malays. J. Civ. Eng, 28, pp.1-9. Doi:10.11113/mjce.v28.15990.
Djoudi, T., Hecini, M., Scida, D., Djebloun, Y. and Djemai, H., 2021. Physico-mechanical characterization of composite materials based on date palm tree fibers. Journal of Natural Fibers, 18(6), pp.789-802. Doi:10.1080/15440478.2019.1658251
Elseify, L.A., Midani, M., 2020. Characterization of date palm fiber. Date Palm Fiber Composites. Composites Science and Technology. Springer, Singapore. pp..227-255. Doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9339-0_8.
Ghiassian, H., Poorebrahim, G. and Gray, D.H., 2004. Soil reinforcement with recycled carpet wastes. Waste Management and Research, 22(2), pp.108-114. Doi:10.1177/0734242X04043938.
Gul, N. and Mir, B.A., 2022. Parametric study of glass fiber reinforced fine-grained soil with emphasis on microstructural analysis. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 16(6), pp. 716-728. Doi:10.1080/19386362.2022.2049524
Morel, J.C., Pkla, A. and Walker, P., 2007. Compressive strength testing of compressed earth blocks. Construction and Building Materials, 21(2), pp. 303-309. Doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.021.
Nik Daud, N.N., Muhammed, A.S. and Kundiri, A.M., 2017. Hydraulic conductivity of compacted granite residual soil mixed with palm oil fuel ash in landfill application. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 35, pp.1967-1976. Doi:10.1007/s10706-017-0220-1
Nnochiri, E. and Aderinlewo, O., 2016. Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil stabilized with the ashes of oil palm fronds. Stavební Obzor-Civil Engineering Journal, 25(4). Doi:10.14311/CEJ.2016.04.0022.
Mekkiyah, H. M.., 2013. Improvement of Soil by Using Polymer Fiber Materials Underneath Square Footing. Journal of Engineering 19(07), pp. 873-882. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2013.07.08
Raghab, S.M., Abd El Meguid, A.M. and Hegazi, H.A., 2013. Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill. HBRC journal, 9(2), pp.187-192. Doi:10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.05.007 .
Ramachandra, T. V., Bharath, H. A., Kulkarni, G., and Han, S. S., 2018. Municipal solid waste: Generation, composition and GHG emissions in Bangalore, India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82(September 2017), 1122–1136. Doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.085.
Ramu, K. and DayakarBabu, R., 2022. A laboratory study on the stabilized expansive soil with partial replacement of fly ash and palm oil fuel ash. In Ground Improvement and Reinforced Soil Structures: Proceedings of Indian
Geotechnical Conference, 2, pp. 69-78. Springer Singapore. Doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1831-4_7.
Salih, N.B., 2022. An experimental study of compaction and strength of stabilized cohesive soil by stone powder. Journal of Engineering, 28(12), pp.125-136. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2022.12.09.
Santoni, R.L., Tingle, J.S. and Webster, S.L., 2001. Engineering properties of sand-fiber mixtures for road construction. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127(3), pp.258-268. Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:3(258)
Shah, W.U.H., Yasmeen, R., Sarfraz, M. and Ivascu, L., 2023. The repercussions of economic growth, industrialization, foreign direct investment, and technology on municipal solid waste: Evidence from OECD economies. Sustainability, 15(1), P.836. Doi:10.3390/su15010836.
Shaker, A.A. and Dafalla, M., 2017. Effect of state of compaction on the hydraulic conductivity of sand-clay mixtures. Journal of GeoEngineering, 12(1). Doi:10.6310/jog.2017.12(1).2
Shakir, Hadeel M., Adel A. A., and Ahmed F. A., 2022. Nonlinear finite element analysis of fiber reinforced concrete pavement under dynamic loading. Journal of Engineering, 28 (2), pp. 81-98. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2022.02.06.
Siddiqua, A., Hahladakis, J.N. and Al-Attiya, W.A.K., 2022. An overview of the environmental pollution and health effects associated with waste landfilling and open dumping. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(39), pp.58514-58536. Doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21578-z.
Sujatha, E.R., Atchaya, P., Darshan, S. and Subhashini, S., 2021. Mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced soil and its application as subgrade reinforcement. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 22(10), pp. 2384-2395. Doi:10.1080/14680629.2020.1746387.
Syed, T., Thelakkadan, A.S. and Al-Hussain, S., 2020. Date-Palm Fiber as a Reinforcement Filler in Polymer Composites. Advances in Sciences and Engineering, 12(2), pp.78-85. Doi:10.32732/ase.2020.12.2.78
Wijekoon, P., Koliyabandara, P.A., Cooray, A.T., Lam, S.S., Athapattu, B.C. and Vithanage, M., 2022. Progress and prospects in mitigation of landfill leachate pollution: Risk, pollution potential, treatment and challenges. Journal of hazardous materials, 421, p.126627. Doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126627.
Yetimoglu, T., Inanir, M. and Inanir, O.E., 2005. A study on bearing capacity of randomly distributed fiber-reinforced sand fills overlying soft clay. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 23(2), pp.174-183. Doi:10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.09.004.