REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS USING REVERSE OSMOSIS
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study reverse osmosis characteristics for copper sulfate hexahydrate
(CuSO4.6H2O), nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O) and zinc sulfate hexahydrate (ZnSO4.6H2O)
removal from aqueous solution which discharge from some Iraqi factories such as Alnasser Company for
mechanical industries. The mode of operation of reverse osmosis was permeate is removed and the
concentrate of metals solution is recycled back to the feed vessel. Spiral-wound membrane is thin film
composite membrane (TFC) was used to conduct this study on reverse osmosis. The variables studied are
metals concentrations (50 – 150 ppm) and time (15 – 90 min). It was found that increasing the time results in an increase in concentration of metal in permeate, feed concentration in feed vessel and recovery percent. While, it was found that water flux, rejection percent and mass transfer coefficient is decreasing with increasing operating time. Also, it was found that the permeate concentration and feed concentration in feed vessel increases with increasing feed concentration, on the contrary, water flux, the percentage of recovery, rejection percent and mass transfer coefficient decreases with increasing the concentration of feed solution. The maximum rejection of copper, nickel, and zinc salts are 96.6%, 95.7% and 98.2% respectively. The maximum recovery percentage of copper, nickel, and zinc salts are 40.8%, 41.35% and 38.44% respectively. The pure water permeability constant was calculated for TFC membrane.
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
• Ahmed, F.H., 2000, "Study of The Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis Process", M.Sc. thesis,
Baghdad University.
• Belkacem Abas, Sid El Mahi Lamine Kadi and Omar Belhamiti.,2008, "Mathematical Modeling of reverse Osmosis Process by the Orthogonal Collocation of finite element method" , Asian Journal of Applied Science 1(1): 1-18.
• Bhattacharyya, D., and Williams, M.,1992, "Theory - Reverse Osmosis", in Membrane Handbook, W. Ho and
K. Sirkar, eds., pp. 269-280, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York .
• Bruce I.Dvorak ,Sharon O.Skipton., 2008 "Drinking water treatment :reverse osmosis", university of Nebraska-
Lincoln. Pure & AppL Chem., Vol. 46, pp.193- 204.
• Cheryan, M., 1998, "Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Handbook", Technomic, Lancaster, PA.
• Crespo, J.G., Velizarov, S. and Reis, M.A. 2004 “Membrane bioreactors for the removal of anionic micropollutants from
drinking water.” Biotechnology. 15: 463- 468.
• Fazilet., 2000," Optimization of reverse osmosis membrance network",Ph.D.Thesis, The University of New south Wales ,Sydney, Australia.
• Ghulam M. Mustafa., 2007, " The study of pretreatment options for composite fouling of reverse osmosis membranes
used in water treatment and production" , Ph.D. Thesis,University of New South Wales. Sydney, Australia.
• Hasan, F. M., 2008, "Investigating Polyamide Membrane in Direct Osmosis Process in Cooling Towers", Ph.D. Thesis, Baghdad University.
• How Y. Ng., Menachem Elimelech.,2004 "Influence of colloidal fouling on rejection of trace organic contaminants by
reverse osmosis" Journal of Membrane Science 244, 215–226 .
• Howard brown., 1973., "Removal of heavy metals from water by reverse osmosis", M.Sc.Thesis, Department of
Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics MeGill University Montreal .
• Kavitskaya, A.A., . Knyazkova, T.V, and Maynarovich,A.A.,2000 " Reverse osmosis of concentrated calcium
sulphate solutions in the presence of iron (III) ions using composite membranes" , Desalination 132 , 281-286.
• Kedem, O., and Katchalsky, A.,1958,,
"Thermodynamic Analysis of the Permeability of Biological Membranes to Non-Electrolytes", Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 27, 229 .
• Liu Feini , Zhang Guoliang , Meng Qin and Zhang Hongzi , 2008 "Performance of Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis
Membranes in Metal Effluent Treatment" Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 16(3) 441-445.
• Michael E. Williams., 2003 " A Review of Reverse Osmosis Theory", Ph.D.
• Mohamad Aboabboud., Salaheddin Elmasallati., 2007 "Potable water production from seawater by the reverse
osmosis technique in Libya ",Desalination, 203,119-133.
• Myzairah Binti Hamdzah .,2007 " low pressure reverse osmosis membrane for rejection of heavy metals", M.Sc.Thesis,
University Teknology Malaysia.
• Nes¸e Öztürk, Duygu Kavak, T. and Ennil Köse., 2008 " Boron removal from aqueous solution by reverse osmosis",
Desalination 223 , (1–9).
• Oh, J.I., Yamamoto, K., K., Kitawaki, H., Nakao, S., Sugawara, T., Rahaman, M.M. and Rahaman, M.H. 2000 " Application
of low-pressure nanofiltration coupled with a bicycle pump for the treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater",
Desalination, 132 : 307-314.
• Patrick, M., “Membrane Seperation Processes”, Elsevier, Amstrdam, 1976.
• Sourirajan.S, “Reverse Osmosis”, Academic, New York, 1970.
• Spiegler, K., and Kedem, O.,1966, "Thermodynamics of Hyperfiltration (Reverse Osmosis): Criteria for Efficient Membranes", Desalination, 311 .
• Srisuwan, G. and Thongchai, P.,2002 " Removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater by membrane".
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol, 24(Suppl.) : 965-976.
• Syed, R.Q. Edward, M.M. and Guang Z., 2000, "Water Works Engineering: Planning, Design, and Operation",
Prentice – Hall, Inc., USA.
• Taha, Y.K., 2000 "Performance of Reverse Osmosis", M.Sc. thesis, Baghdad University.
• Yip, N.Y., Tiraferri, A., Phillip, W.A., Schiffman, J.D., and Elimelech, M., 2010, "High performance thin-film composite
forward osmosis membrane", Environmental Science & Technology, (44), 3812–3818.