Oscillation in the Food Rations for Neutral Differential Equation with Piecewise Constant

Main Article Content

Sora Ali Majeed
Hussain Ali Mohamad

Abstract

There are numerous real-world applications for delay differential equations, including engineering model systems with time delays, such as control systems and communication networks, time-limited meals, blood pressure, hemopoiesis, and others, especially when the oscillation in these equations is exploited. To fulfill the goal of this study, certain of the coefficients in the first-order logistic equation must be piecewise continuous. This can only be accomplished by using the delay differential equations with the piecewise constant argument to investigate the oscillation or nonoscillation property of all first-order logistic equation solutions. The solution's piecewise constant is the largest integer function. Using techniques such as transforming the non-linear delay differential equation to a linear delay differential equation and then using integral inequality, we provide adequate circumstances for all solutions to oscillate. To ensure all solutions, required and adequate conditions have been defined. After that, looking at an example shows how the oscillation of the food-limited equation. Also, the figures appearing at the end of examples show more explanation.

Article Details

Section

Articles

How to Cite

“Oscillation in the Food Rations for Neutral Differential Equation with Piecewise Constant” (2025) Journal of Engineering, 31(6), pp. 92–104. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2025.06.05.

References

Abbas, N. and Mohamad, H.A., 2023. Oscillation criteria of neutral first order differential equations. AIP Conference Proceeding., 2834, 080122. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0161728.

Abdulhamid, B.M., Haruna, Y. and Muhammad, B.M., 2012. On the oscillation of the generalized food-limited equations with delay. Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology, 1(3), pp. 67-72. http://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.1.3.132.

Aftabizadeh, A., Wiener, R.J. and J-M. Xu, 1987. Oscillatory and periodic solutions of delay differential equations with piecewise constant argument. American Mathematical Society, Vol. 99(4), pp. 673-679, https://doi.org/10.2307/2046474.

Agwo, H.A., 1998. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of delay differential equation with piecewise constant argument. International Journal of Math & Mathematic Science, 21(3), pp. 493-498. http://doi.org/10.1155/S0161171298000702.

Ali, L.M. and Al-Zughaibi, A., 2024. Investigation of control behavior via active suspension system considering time-delay and variable masses. Journal of Engineering, 30(11), pp. 108–127. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.11.07.

Bazighifan, O., Grace, S.R., Alzabut. J. and Özbekler, A., 2020. New results for oscillatory properties of neutral differential equations with a p-Laplacian-like operator. Miskolc Math. Notes, 21, pp. 631–640, https://doi.org/10.18514/MMN.2020.3322.

Berezensky, L. N. and Braveman, E., 2003. On oscillation of a food-limited population model with time delay. Abstract and Applied Analysis. 2003(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/S1085337503209040.

Chatzarakis, G.E. and Logaarasi, K., 2023. Forced oscillation of impulsive fractional partial differential equations, Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics 7, 100478.

Cooke, K.L., 1984. Retarded differential equations with piecewise constant delays. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 99, pp. 265-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247X(84)90248-8.

Dou, X. and Li, Y., 2011. Almost periodic solution for a food-limited population model with delay and feedback control. International Journal of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, 5(8).

Gopalsamy, K., Kulenovi, M. R. S. and Ladas, G.,1988. Environmental periodicity and time delays in a ‘’Food-Limited’’ population model. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 147, pp. 545-555, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247X(90)90369-Q.

Gopalsamy, K., 1992. Stability and oscillations in delay differential equations of population dynamics. Mathematics and its Applications, 74, Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht.

Hadeed, I. S. and Mohamad, H. A., 2024, Oscillation of the impulsive hematopoiesis model with positive and negative coefficients. Baghdad Science Journal, 21(7), pp. 2403-2412 https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8796.

Hadeed, I.S., Mohamad, H.A., 2024. Asymptotic properties and oscillation of the solutions in a periodic impulsive hematopoiesis model. Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences (JUBPAS) 3(1).

Hasik, K., Kopfova, J., Abelkova, P. N. and S. Trofimchuk, 2020. On the geometric diversity of wavefronts for the scalar Kolmogorov ecological equation. Journal Nonlinear Science, 30, pp. 2989-3026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-020-09642-9.

Jones, G.S., 1962. On the nonlinear differential-difference equation f(x)=-α f(x-1)(1+f(x)). Math. Anal. Appl. 4, pp. 440–469, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247X(62)90041-0.

Mahmoud, W. A. and Dheyaa, J. K., 2013. A proposal algorithm to solve delay constraint least cost optimization problem. Journal of Engineering, 19(1), pp. 155–160. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2013.01.09.

Moaaz, O., Albalawi, W., 2023. Differential equations of the neutral delay type: More efficient conditions for oscillation. AIMS Math., 8, pp. 2729–12750. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2023641.

Mohamad, H.A. and Jaddoa, A. F., 2020a. Oscillation criteria for solutions of neutral differential equations of impulses effect with positive and negative coefficients. Baghdad Science Journal, 17(2), pp. 537-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.2.0537.

Mohamad, H.A. and Jaddoa, A. F., 2020b. Asymptotic criteria of neutral differential equations with positive and negative coefficients and impulsive integral term. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2020, 61(9), pp. 2315-2323. https://doi.10.24996/ijs.2020.61.9.18.

Muminov, M. I. and Radjabov, T. A., 2024. Existence conditions for 2-periodic solutions to nonhomogeneous differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Examples and Counterexamples, 5, pp. 100145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exco.2024.100145.

Papaschinopoulos, G. and Schinas, J., online: 02 May 2007. Existence stability and oscillation of the solutions of first-order neutral delay differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Applicable Analysis, 44 (1-2), pp. 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036819208840070.

Partheniadis, E.C., 1988. Stability and oscillation of neutral delay differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Differential and Integral Equations, 1(4), pp. 459-472, https://typeset.io/pdf/stability-and-oscillation-of-neutral-delay-differential-25if1m25lu.pdf.

Qaraad, B., Bazighifan, O., Nofal, T.A. and Ali, A.H. , 2022. Neutral differential equations with distribution deviating arguments: Oscillation conditions. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science, 2022, pp. 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joes.2022.06.032.

Tian, G. and An, Rf., 2023. Spreading speed of a food-limited population model with delay. Applied Mathmatic Journal., 38(2), pp. 264-273, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11766-023-4232-8.

Wang Gen-q. and Cheng, S.S., 2009. Existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for a second-order nonlinear differential equation with piecewise constant argument. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Article ID 950797. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/950797.

Yuan, R.A., 2001. New almost periodic type solution of first order neutral delay differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series, 17(3), pp. 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101149900003.

Yuji, L. and Weigao, G., 2003. Global attractively in delay ‘’Food Limited’’ models with the exponential impulses. Journal Of Mathematical Analysis And Applications, 287(1), pp. 200-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-247X(03)00543-2.

Zhang L. L. and Hong-Xu L., 2011. Weighted pseudo almost periodic solutions of second-order neutral-delay differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 62(12), pp. 4362-4376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2011.10.004.

Zhiguo, L. and Jianhua, S., 2003. New results on oscillation for delay differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 45, pp. 1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0898-1221(03)90005-8.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.