TOPSIS vs Quality Loss Function Multi-Criteria Optimization of Mechanical Performance in Laser Spot Welding Process
Main Article Content
Abstract
When selecting a material for product design, the focus is on its mechanical properties, a standard requirement in most applications. This paper’s research aimed to determine if better calibration of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material samples welded with laser spot welding could be achieved by verifying joint strength performance and modulus of elasticity. Tensile tests were conducted using a universal testing machine with a 100 kN load capacity. Parameters studied included laser power, welding velocity, laser focus diameter, and spot geometric size. An orthogonal L9 array with three levels was used. Multi-objective optimization techniques TOPSIS-Quality Loss Function were used, and the results were compared. It was discovered that the first experiment among the nine experiments had the best multi-quality features with the following parameters: laser power of 10 W, welding velocity of 10 mm/s, laser focus diameter of 0.002 mm, and spot geometric size of 4 mm. It was observed that the geometric spot design is the most effective parameter for quality at a small size. It was proven that the smaller size of the geometric spot increases the strength and stiffness of the welded product.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Acherjee, B., 2020. Laser transmission welding of dissimilar plastics: Analyses of parametric effects and process optimization using grey-based Taguchi method. Modern Manufacturing Processes, May, pp. 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819496-6.00006-3
Acherjee, B., 2020. Laser transmission welding of polymers–A review on process fundamentals, material attributes, weldability, and welding techniques. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 60, pp.227-246.
Acherjee, B., 2021. Laser transmission welding of polymers – A review on welding parameters, quality attributes, process monitoring, and applications. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 64(April), pp. 421–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.022
Alasfar, R. H., Ahzi, S., Barth, N., Kochkodan, V., Khraisheh, M., and Koç, M., 2022. A Review on the modeling of the elastic modulus and yield stress of polymers and polymer nanocomposites: Effect of temperature, loading rate and porosity. Polymers, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030360
AlMaadeed, M.A.A., Ponnamma, D. and Carignano, M.A. eds., 2020. Polymer science and innovative applications: materials, techniques, and future developments. Elsevier.
Anwer, G., and Acherjee, B. 2024. Laser transmission welding of polypropylene: Insights into parameter interplay, thermal analysis, bonding quality, fracture characteristics, and weld morphology. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09500-9
Bachy, B., and Franke, J. 2015. Experimental investigation and optimization for the effective parameters in the laser direct structuring process. Journal of Laser Micro Nanoengineering, 10(2), pp. 202–209. https://doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2015.02.0018
Bachy, B., Süß-Wolf, R., and Franke, J. 2018. On the quality and the accuracy of the laser direct structuring, experimental investigation and optimization. Journal of Laser Applications, 30(2), pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5005629
Chokkalingam, P., El-Hassan, H., El-Dieb, A., and El-Mir, A. 2022. Multi-response optimization of ceramic waste geopolymer concrete using BWM and TOPSIS-based taguchi methods. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 21(November), pp. 4824–4845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.089.
Dave, F., Mahmood Ali, M., Mokhtari, M., Sherlock, R., McIlhagger, A., and Tormey, D. 2022. Effect of laser processing parameters and carbon black on morphological and mechanical properties of welded polypropylene. Optics and Laser Technology, 153, pp. 108216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108216
Dowling, N. E., 2013. Mechanical behavior of materials: engineering methods for deformation, fracture, and fatigue. Publisher Pearson. https://books.google.iq/books?id=g1yCZwEACAAJ
Farabi, N., Chen, D. L., and Zhou, Y., 2012. Tensile properties and work hardening behavior of laser-welded dual-phase steel joints. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 21(2), pp. 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-9865-8
Forte, M. A., Silva, R. M., Tavares, C. J., and E Silva, R. F. 2021. Is poly(Methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) a suitable substrate for ALD?: A review. Polymers, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081346
Girish Kumar, R., Anand, B., Jabiulla, S., and Narasimha Murthy, H. N. 2023. Laser transmission welding (LTW) of three dimensional (3-D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) sheets. Lasers in Engineering, 54(4–6), pp. 295–311.
Girish Kumar, R., Narasimha Murthy, H. N., Anand, B., and Jabiulla, S. 2021. Parametric study of laser welding on polyamide using design of experiments. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1950(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1950/1/012042
Haqi, I. A., and Olfat A. M., 2021. The study of the effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (zro 2) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) on some mechanical properties of pmma nanocomposites. Design Engineering, pp. 5911–5936. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27817.57441
Hassan, S. S., and Bachy, B. S., 2023. On the laser micro cutting: Experimentation and mathematical modeling based on RSM-CCD. Journal of Engineering, 29(6), pp. 98–113. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.06.08
Huang, Y., Gao, X., Ma, B., and Zhang, Y. 2021. Interface formation and bonding mechanisms of laser welding of PMMA plastic and 304 austenitic stainless steel. Metals, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091495
Hussein, S. A., and Bachy, B. S., 2024. Evaluation of joint strength in laser transmission welding of PMMA polymer. Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences, 31, pp. 13–23.
Ilie, M., Stoica, V., Cicala, E., and Kneip, J. C. 2020. Experimental design investigation of through-transmission laser welding of dissimilar polymers. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1426(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1426/1/012045
Imran, H. J., Hubeatir, K. A., and Al-Khafaji, M. M. 2021. CO2 laser micro-engraving of PMMA complemented by Taguchi and ANOVA methods. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1795(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1795/1/012062
Jiang, X., Chandrasekar, S., and Wang, C., 2015. A laser microwelding method for assembly of polymer based microfluidic devices. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 66, pp. 98–104.
Judawisastra, H., Claudia, Sasmita, F., and Agung, T. P. 2019. Elastic modulus determination of thermoplastic polymers with pulse-echo method ultrasonic testing. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 547(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/547/1/012047
Kanaujia, N., Rahul, Behera, J. K., Kumar Mohapatra, S., Behera, A., Jha, P., Kishore Joshi, K., and Chandra Routara, B. 2022. Process parameters optimization in CNC turning of aluminum 7075 alloy using TOPSIS method coupled with
Taguchi philosophy. Materials Today: Proceedings, 56(July), pp. 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.226.zzz
Khalaf, B.A. and Kadhim, B.S., 2023. Use of the quality loss function for improving the productive processes in the general company for the automotive industry–Alexandria–An applied research. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(7), p.p 148-165.
Kucukoglu, A., Yuce, C., Sozer, I. E., and Karpat, F. 2023. Multi-response optimization for laser transmission welding of PMMA to ABS using Taguchi-based TOPSIS method. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 15(8), pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/16878132231193260
Kumar Goyal, D., Yadav, R., and Kant, R. 2023. Laser transmission welding of polycarbonate sheets using electrolytic iron powder absorber. Optics and Laser Technology, 161(January), P.109165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109165
Li, Q., Mu, Z., Luo, M., Huang, A., and Pang, S. 2021. Laser spot micro-welding of ultra-thin steel sheet. Micromachines, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12030342
Milisavljevic-Syed, J., Petrovic, E., Ćirić, I., Mančić, M., Milisavljević, J., Petrović, E., Marković, D., and Đorđević, M. 2012. the Danubia-Adria Symposium. 29 May 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256096156
Olowinsky, A., and Roesner, A. 2012. Laser welding of polymers established process but still not at its best the authors. Laser Technik Journal, April (2), pp. 52–56.
Rane, S.S., Srividya, A. and Verma, A.K., 2011. Use of Taguchi loss function in deformation based multi-response optimization of motorcycle frame. Communications in Dependability and Quality Management, 14(4), pp. 19-31.
Röhricht, M. L., Stichel, T., Roth, S., Bräuer, P. A. B., Schmidt, M., and Will, S. 2020. Correlation between weld seam morphology and mechanical properties in laser transmission welding of polypropylene. Procedia CIRP, 94(March), pp. 691–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.119
Rudrapati, R., Kumar, N., and Pal, P. K. 2019. Application of Taguchi method for parametric optimization of through transmission laser welding of acrylic plastics. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2057(January). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5085584
Sabry, I., Hewidy, A. M., Naseri, M., and Mourad, A. H. I. 2024. Optimization of process parameters of metal inert gas welding process on aluminum alloy 6063 pipes using Taguchi-TOPSIS approach. Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems, 7(June), P. 100085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100085
Schkutow, A., and Frick, T. 2016. Influence of adapted wavelengths on temperature fields and melt pool geometry in laser transmission welding. Physics Procedia, 83, pp. 1055–1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.111
Shaker, F., AL-Khafaji, M., and Hubeatir, K. 2020. Effect of different laser welding parameter on welding strength in polymer transmission welding using semiconductor. Engineering and Technology Journal, 38(5), pp. 761–768. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i5a.368
Sharma, A., Awasthi, A., Singh, T., Kumar, R., and Chauhan, R. 2022. Experimental investigation and optimization of potential parameters of discrete V down baffled solar thermal collector using hybrid Taguchi-TOPSIS method. Applied Thermal Engineering, 209 (September 2021), P. 118250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118250
Sultana, N., and Dhar, N. R. 2021. Hybrid GRA-PCA and modified weighted TOPSIS coupled with Taguchi for multi-response process parameter optimization in turning AISI 1040 steel. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 68(1), pp. 23–49. https://doi.org/10.24425/ame.2020.131707
Tshibangu, W. M. A. 2018. Taguchi loss function to minimize variance and optimize a flexible manufacturing system (FMS): A six sigma approach framework. ICINCO 2018 - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, 2(Icinco), pp. 592–599. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006868705920599
Umamaheswarrao, P., 2023. Multi-response optimization of process parameters during friction stir welding of AA2014-AA7075 using TOPSIS Approach. Incas Bulletin, 15(1), pp. 107–117. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2023.15.1.10
Van Pham, D. 2023. Research to determine the best value of both Z and Ovc in micro-edm using carbon coated electrode using TOPSIS method. EUREKA, Physics and Engineering, 2023(3), pp. 90–96. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002790