Design Molecular Imprinting Polymer Coupled with Spectrophotometric Detection for the Determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research describes a new method for estimating tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations using Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction (MISPE) as a sample extraction technique. Acrylamide was used as the functional monomer, trimethylolpropane Trimethacrylate as the cross-linker, and tramadol hydrochloride as the template molecule to make Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP). The new molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a scanning electron microscope. The adsorption isotherm of the prepared polymer was determined under the optimum conditions using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 272 nm. The method's linear dynamic range was found to be 5–140 µg/mL, and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.62 and 1.87 µg/mL, respectively. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) was less than 2% five times in intra-day and inter-day. This method was successfully utilized to determine tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations with recoveries in the 93.04–104.3% range.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Akula, G.,Sapavatu, S. N.,Jadi, R. K., Battineni, J. K. and Boggula, N., 2021. Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of tramadol in bulk and its formulations by UV-spectroscopy. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research,12 (02), pp. 77-83. https://doi.org/10.55218/JASR.202112212
Al-Bayati, Y. K., 2018. Preparation of selective sensors for cyproheptadine hydrochloride based on molecularly imprinted polymer used N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate as functional monomer. Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry,13 (5), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejac/94233
Al-Safi, A. J. and Al-Bayati, Y. K., 2018. Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for tramadol HCl using acryl amide and 2-hydroxyethyl meth acrylate as monomers. Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences,31 (2), pp. 81-88. 10.1515/cipms-2018-0016
Al Samarrai, S. Y., Abdoon, F. M. and Hashim, K. K., 2019. A simple method to determine tramadol using a coated-wire electrode as a detector in the flow injection analysis. Microchemical Journal,146, pp. 588-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.041
Aljabari, F. I. and Al-Bayati, Y. K., 2021. Estimation of trimethoprim by using a new selective electrodes dependent on molecularly imprinted polymers. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry,64 (10), pp. 6089-6096.
Barakat, A., 2019. Revisiting tramadol: A multi-modal agent for pain management. CNS drugs, 33 (5), pp. 481-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-019-00623-5
Borive Amani, M. and Marini Djang'Eing'A, R., 2021. Quality control of tramadol in kisangani: development, validation, and application of a uv-vis spectroscopic method. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry,12 (08), pp. 295-309. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.128018
Gu, X., Zhu, S., Yan, L., Cheng, L., Zhu, P. and Zheng, J., 2021. Development of a sample preparation method for accurate analysis of 24 elemental impurities in oral drug products by ICP-MS according to USP/ICH guidelines. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 36 (3), pp. 512-517. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0JA00519C
Hadi, E. A. and Al-Bayati, Y. K., 2022. Preparation and characterized study of new molecularly imprinted polymers for determination cocaine by GC-mass based on different functional monomers. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65 (1), pp. 107-116. http://doi.org/10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.78126.3817
Hao, P., Wijmans, J., He, Z. and White, L. S., 2020. Effect of pore location and pore size of the support membrane on the permeance of composite membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 594, P. 117465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117465
Hemant, K. T., Krishna, P. C. K., Varaprasad, R. K. and Srinivasa, R. Y., 2019. RP-HPLC method for estimation of tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulation. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8 (1), pp. 089–097. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019.8.1.0091
Hussein, H. J. and Al-Bayati, Y. K., 2021. Determination of cefalaxin in pharmaceutical preparation by molecular imprinted polymer in PVC matrix membrane. Iraq Journal of Market Research & Consumer Protection, 13 (2), pp. 159-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc13.2.2021.(14)
Isildak, Ö. and Özbek, O., 2021.Application of potentiometric sensors in real samples.Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 51 (3), pp. 218-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2019.1711013
Jahromi, Z.,Mirzaei, E.,Savardashtaki, A., Afzali, M. and Afzali, Z., 2020. A rapid and selective electrochemical sensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers for tramadol detection. Microchemical Journal,157, P.104942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104942
Khatibi, S. A., Hamidi, S. and Siahi-Shadbad, M. R., 2021. Current trends in sample preparation by solid-phase extraction techniques for the determination of antibiotic residues in foodstuffs: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 61 (20), pp. 3361-3382. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1798349
Kumar, R. N., Manikandan, K. and Kathiravan, M., 2020. Spectroscopic estimation of tramadol using multilinear regression analysis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 13 (5), pp. 2282-2286. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00411.4
Lakshmi, C. J., Ravisankar, P., Kumar, K. S. and Babu, P. S., 2016. Validated UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative analysis of tramadol in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology, 4 (1), P. 6.
Mali, B., Moharil, S. N., Mhasal, V. and Narkhede, M. B., 2017. Drug-excipient interaction study of tramadol HCL with polymers. World J Pharm Res, 6 (13), P. 848-61. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr201713-9876
Nakhla, D., Hussein, L., Magdy, N. and Abdallah, I., 2021. Comparative study of different spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of tramadol and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 88, pp. 894-900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-021-01256-7
Naveen, K. R., Manikandan, K. and Kathiravan, M., 2020. Spectroscopic estimation of tramadol using multilinear regression analysis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 13 (5), pp. 2282-2286. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00411.4
Ndunda, E. N., 2020. Molecularly imprinted polymers—A closer look at the control polymer used in determining the imprinting effect: a mini review. Journal of Molecular Recognition, 33 (11), P. 2855. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmr.2855
Pallavi, M., Kumar, S. and Baggi, T. R., 2023. Analytical methods for tramadol in pharmaceutical and forensic context-A review. International Journal of Medical Toxicology & Legal Medicine, 26 (1and2), pp. 122-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2023.00022.0
Parisi, O. I., Ruffo, M. and Puoci, F., 2020. Molecularly imprinted polymers for selective recognition in regenerative medicine. Nanostructured Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine, pp. 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102594-9.00005-X
Passos, M. L. and Saraiva, M. L. M., 2019. Detection in UV-visible spectrophotometry: detectors, detection systems, and detection strategies. Measurement, 135, pp. 896-904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.12.045
Pereira, F. J., Rodríguez-Cordero, A., López, R., Robles, L. C. and Aller, A. J., 2021. Development and validation of an RP-HPLC-PDA method for determination of paracetamol, caffeine and tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations. Pharmaceuticals, 14 (5), P. 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14050466
Pourhakkak, P., Karimi, M. A., Pourhakkak, P. and Mazloum Ardakani, M., 2022. A novel potentiometric sensor for determination of tramadol in biological samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Electrochemistry, 14 (2), pp. 191-200.
Quinto, M. L., Khan, S., Picasso, G. and Sotomayor, M. D. P. T., 2020. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a selective molecularly imprinted polymer for quantification of the textile dye acid violet 19 in real water samples. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384, P. 121374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121374
Rahman, M. M., Shafiullah, A. Z., Pal, A., Islam, M. A., Jahan, I. and Saha, B. B., 2021. Study on optimum IUPAC adsorption isotherm models employing sensitivity of parameters for rigorous adsorption system performance evaluation. Energies,14 (22), P. 7478. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227478
Rydz, J., Šišková, A. and Andicsová Eckstein, A., 2019. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy: topographic and dynamical surface studies of blends, composites, and hybrid functional materials for sustainable future. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, P. 16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6871785
Saichanapan, J., Promsuwan, K., Saisahas, K., Soleh, A., Chang, K. H., Abdullah, A. F. L. and Limbut, W., 2021. Voltammetric determination of tramadol using a hierarchical graphene oxide nanoplatelets modified electrode. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 168 (11), P. 117512. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3529
Sarkany, A., Hancu, G., Drăguț, C., Modroiu, A. and Barabás-Hajdu, E., 2019. Capillary electrophoresis methods for the determination of tramadol: A review. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 25 (4), pp. 278-286. https://doi.org/10.15171/PS.2019.50
Sayed, M., Bapat, G. and Inamdar, N., 2014. Development of UV spectrophotometric methods and validation for estimation of tramadol hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form by absorbance maxima and area under the curve method. Journal of Applied Pharmacy, 6 (2), pp. 210-216. https://doi.org/10.21065/19204159.6.3.198
Subedi, M., Bajaj, S., Kumar, M. S. and Mayur, Y., 2019. An overview of tramadol and its usage in pain management and future perspective. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 111, pp. 443-451. .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.085
Toudeshki, R. M., Dadfarnia, S. and Shabani, A. M. H., 2019. Surface molecularly imprinted polymer on magnetic multi-
walled carbon nanotubes for selective recognition and preconcentration of metformin in biological fluids prior to its sensitive chemiluminescence determination: Central composite design optimization. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1089, pp. 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.070
Yoon, Y.S., Hwang, H.J., Kim, J.M., Chung, K.S., Jang, S.Y., Heo, S.W., Lee, S.Y., Kim, S.Y., Song, H.A. and Hong, S.J., 2023. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of DW-1021, the ionic complex of pelubiprofen and tramadol, in rodents. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 163, P. 114708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114708