التخليق بمساعدة الموجات فوق الصوتية لمتراكبات نانوية من الكيتوسان / PAA/PVA/المحملة بجسيمات الفضة النانوية وتأثيرها على الاداء الميكانيكي للخرسانة

Abdul Kareem, E. A., Sultan, A. E., and Oraibi, H. M., 2023. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles: A review. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences, 36(3), pp. 177–200. https://doi.org/10.30526/36.3.3050

Abdali, K., Al-Bermany, E., and Abass, K. H., 2023. Impact the silver nanoparticles on properties of new fabricated polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylamide-polyacrylic acid nanocomposites films. Journal of Polymer Research, 30, p. 138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03514-y

Abutu, D., Ameh, A. O., Umunnawuike, C., Barima, M., Nyah, F., Nwaichi, P. I., Charity, O. C., and Yerima, E. A., 2025. Reinforcing concrete with nano-enhanced bio-additives: A path toward sustainable construction materials. Discover Concrete and Cement, 1, Article 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44416-025-00022-8

Aldakheel, F. M., Mohsen, D., El Sayed, M. M., Alawam, K. A., Binshaya, A. S., and Alduraywish, S. A., 2023. Silver nanoparticles loaded on chitosan-g-PVA hydrogel for wound-healing applications. Molecules, 28(7), P. 3241. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073241

AL-Fawares, O., Alshweiat, A., and Al-Khresieh, R. O., 2024. A significant antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of chitosan-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32(1), P. 101918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101918

AL sahib, S. A. and Awad, S. H., 2022. Synthesis, characterization of chitosan para-hydroxyl benzaldehyde Schiff base linked maleic anhydride and the evaluation of its antimicrobial activities. Baghdad Science Journal, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.5655

Alwan, Y. T. and Kadhim, F. J., 2025. Optimized characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol films decorated with silver nanoparticles synthesized via chemical reduction method. Iraqi Journal of Physics, 23(2), pp. 99–105. https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v23i2.1355

ASTM C778, 2017. Standard Specification for Standard Sand. West Conshohocken, PA, USA

ASTM C109/C109M, 2021. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens). West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

ASTM C191/C191M, 2021. Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle. West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

ASTM C642, 2021. Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

Baykara, H., Riofrio, A., Garcia-Troncoso, N., Cornejo, M., Tello-Ayala, K., Flores Rada, J., and Caceres, J., 2024. Chitosan-cement composite mortars: Exploring interactions, structural evolution, environmental footprint and mechanical performance. ACS Omega, 9(23), pp. 24978–24986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c02040

Chicea, D. and Nicolae-Maranciuc, A., 2024. Silver nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposites: A comparative study regarding different chemical syntheses procedures and their antibacterial effect. Materials, 17(5), P. 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051113

Choi, S. J., Bae, S. H., Lee, J. I., Bang, E. J., and Ko, H. M., 2021. Strength, carbonation resistance, and chloride-ion penetrability of cement mortars containing catechol-functionalized chitosan polymer. Materials, 14(21), P. 6395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216395

Fang, Y., Wu, C., Hu, S., and Zhou, Y., 2024. Study on the correlation between mechanical properties, water absorption, and bulk density of PVA fiber-reinforced cement matrix composites. Buildings, 14(11), P. 3580. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113580

González-Lara, H., Parra-Pacheco, B., Rico-García, E., Aguirre-Becerra, H., Feregrino-Pérez, A. A., and García-Trejo, J. F., 2025. Black soldier fly culture as a source of chitin and chitosan for its potential use in cement mortar: An overview. Polymers, 17(6), P. 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17060717

Han, F., Wang, W. R., and Li, D. Y., 2023. Simple synthesis of silver nanocluster composites AgNCs@PE-g-PAA by irradiation method. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 34, P. 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01224-0

IQS No. 5, 2019. Ordinary Portland Cement. Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control (COSQC), Baghdad, Iraq.

IQS No. 1703, 2018. Water Used for Concrete and Cement Mortar. Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control (COSQC), Baghdad, Iraq.

Mohamed, R. R., 2018. Green synthesis of antimicrobial and antitumor N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride/poly(acrylic acid)/silver nanocomposites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.055

Paciejewski, M., Lange, A., Jaworski, S., Kutwin, M., Bombalska, A., Siwiński, J., Olkowicz, K., Mierczyk, J., Narojczyk, K., Bogdanowicz, Z., and Nasiłowska, B., 2024. Effect of doping cement mortar with triclosan, hypochlorous acid, silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide on its mechanical and biological properties. Materials, 17(24), P. 6288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246288

Pan, Z., Liu, Y., and Zhao, J., 2024. Study on the effect of citric acid-modified chitosan on the mechanical properties, shrinkage properties, and durability of cement mortar. Materials, 17(9), P. 2053. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092053

Popescu, I., Constantin, M., Pelin, I. M., and Suflet, D. M., 2022. Eco-friendly synthesized PVA/chitosan/oxalic acid nanocomposite hydrogels embedding silver nanoparticles as antibacterial materials. Gels, 8(5), P. 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050268

Rasin, F. A., Abbas, L. K., and Kadhim, M. J., 2017. Study the characterizations of cement mortar by nano pozzolanic materials additions. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, 13(4), pp. 152–163. https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2017.06.004

Saeed, R. S., Shlaka, W. A., and Negim, E., 2024. Synthesis and study medical application of nanocomposites based on grafted chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.30526/37.1.3327

Shareef, A. A., Hassan, Z. A., Kadhim, M. A., and Al-Mussawi, A. A., 2022. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous extract of Carthamus oxycantha against antibiotics resistant bacteria. Baghdad Science Journal, 19(3), P. 460. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.19.3.0460

Soman, V., Vishwakarma, K., and Poddar, M. K., 2023. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of polymer nanocomposites: A review. Journal of Polymer Research, 30, P. 406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03786-4

Suslick, K. S. and Price, G. J., 2010. Applications of ultrasound to the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Advanced Materials, 22(10), pp. 1039–1059. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200904093

Sybis, M., Staninska-Pięta, J., Piotrowska-Cyplik, A., and Konował, E., 2026. Nanosilver Modified Concrete as a Sustainable Strategy for Enhancing Structural Resilience to Flooding. Sustainability, 18(2), P. 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020945

Watanuki Filho, A., Higuti, R. T., de Moura, M. R., and Aouada, F. A., 2022. Synthesis, application and effect of hybrid nanocomposites based on hydrogel and nanoclay in cement-mortars. Polymers, 14(21), p. 4564. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214564

Yang, D., Liu, Q., Gao, Y., Wan, S., Meng, F., Weng, W., and Zhang, Y., 2023. Characterization of silver nanoparticles loaded chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol antibacterial films for food packaging. Food Hydrocolloids, 136, p. 108305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108305

Yang, Q., Yang, Q., Pen, X., et al., 2025. A review of the effects of nanomaterials on the properties of concrete. Buildings, 15(13), P. 2363. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132363

Yehia, S., Ibrahim, A., and Fathy, D., 2023. The impact of using natural waste biopolymer cement on the properties of traditional/fibrous cement mortar. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 8, P. 275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01253-z

Yu, L., Fan, Q., Meng, D., Meng, X., and Xu, B., 2025. Application and mechanism study on optimal design of cement-based building materials based on polymer binder. Buildings, 15(17), P. 3192. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15173192