Applying the WaterGEMS Software to Conduct a Comparison of the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams Equations for Calculating the Frictional Head Loss in a Selected Pipe Network
Main Article Content
Abstract
Darcy-Weisbach (D-W) is a typical resistance equation in pressured flow; however, some academics and engineers prefer Hazen-Williams (H-W) for assessing water distribution networks. The main difference is that the (D-W) friction factor changes with the Reynolds number, while the (H-W) coefficient is a constant value for a certain material. This study uses WaterGEMS CONNECT Edition update 1 to find an empirical relation between the (H-W) and (H-W) equations for two 400 mm and 500 mm pipe systems. The hydraulic model was done, and two scenarios were applied by changing the (H-W) coefficient to show the difference in results of head loss. The results showed a strong relationship between both equations with correlation coefficients of 0.999, 0.998, and 0.993 for 500 mm pipes and 0.998, 0.999, and 0.996 for 400 mm pipes for the applied scenarios. The results also showed that the head loss when using the (H-W) equation for old pipe is more than the (D-W) equation.
Article received: 22/7/2022
Article accepted: 16/9/2022
Article published: 1/2/2023
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Abbas, A. M. and Mohammed, A.-I. Y. (2020) “Roughness Effect on Velocity Distribution in Selected Reach of Shatt al-Arab River”, Journal of Engineering, 26(8), pp. 46–58.
Abdulsamad, A. A., & Abdulrazzaq, K. A. (2022). Calibration and analysis of the potable water network in the Al-Yarmouk region employing WaterGEMS and GIS. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 31(1), pp.298-305.
Bashar, K.E., Khudair, B. H., khalid,G.K .(2015). Calibration and Verification of the Hydraulic Model for Blue Nile River from Roseires Dam to Khartoum City. Journal of Engineering, 21(12), pp.46-62.
Elhay, S., & Simpson, A. R. (2011). Dealing with Zero Flows in Solving the Nonlinear Equations for Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137 (10), pp.1216–1224.
Jamil, R., & Mujeebu, M. A. (2019). Empirical relation between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations for cold and hot water flow in plastic pipes. Imam, Saudi Arabia. WATER, 108(6), pp.104-114.
Larock, B. E., Jeppson, R. W., & Watters, G. Z. (1999). Hydraulics of pipeline systems. CRC press.
Mehta, D. J., Yadav, V., Waikhom, S. I., & Prajapati, K. (2017). Design of optimal water distribution systems using WaterGEMS: a case study of Surat city. E-proceedings 37th IAHR World Congr, pp.1-8.
Nasier, M. and Abdulrazzaq, K. A. (2022) “Performance Evaluation the Turbidity Removal Efficiency of AL-Muthana Water Treatment Plant”, Journal of Engineering, 28(3), pp. 1–13. doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2022.03.01.
Niazkar, M., Talebbeydokhti, N., & Afzali, S. H. (2017). Relationship between Hazen-William coefficient and Colebrook-White friction factor: Application in water network analysis. European Water, 58, pp.513-520.
Ntengwe, F. W., Chikwa, M., & Witika, L. K. (2015). Evaluation of friction losses in pipes and fittings of process engineering plants. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 4(10), pp.330-336.
Uribe, J., Saldarriaga, J., & Páez, D. (2015). Effects of the use of Hazen-Williams equation on large WDS planning models. In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, pp. 881-889.
Valiantzas, J. D. (2005). Modified Hazen–Williams and Darcy–Weisbach Equations for Friction and Local Head Losses along Irrigation Laterals. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 131 (4), pp. 342–350.