Visual pollution and statistical determination in some of Karrada district main streets /Baghdad
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study objective is to identify the visual pollution in Karrada district main streets as an example of main streets in Baghdad, the public opinion about each pollutants, solutions to reduce and eliminate the pollution were suggested as well. In order to accomplish this objective different methods were used, 16 pollutants were selected, pictures of each pollutants were taken and a questioner were distributed randomly for 270 people to evaluate the public opinion with statistical methods. Garbage, their disposal and storage areas took the first two places as the highest offensive pollutants. The people showed that they find long lines of vehicles, debris and generators appearance ranked third, fourth and fifth respectively .This research showed that more than 70 percent of people are against the militarization of society and they consider any existence of heavy military machinery or personal is highly offensive issue. Other pollutants such as street sellers, beggars, and crossed wires considered as moderately
offensive. Car parking in inappropriate places, badly trimmed trees, large billboards in the streets and the buildings criteria considered slightly offensive. The shops billboards and cellular phone and internet towers were considered the least offensive pollutants. Major solutions is to enhance the municipality management in both planning and operation methods relayed to pollution removal, running awareness campaigns to educate the people about the visual pollution effects and how to reduce it and reduce the military appearances in the city
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Akbar, K. G. (2003). Assessment of scenic beauty of the roadside vegetation in northern England. Landscape and urban planning , 63, 139-144.
Al-Kurdy, R., & Kivo, L. (2009). Architectural space analysis. Master theses . Damascus University.
Arriaza M, Cañas-Ortega, J.F., Cañas-Madueño ,J. A., P, Ruiz-Aviles. (2004). Assessing the visual quality of rural landscapes. Landscape , 69 (1), 115-125.
Bulut Z, Y. H. (2007). Determination of landscape beauties through. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 141, 121-129.
Cackowski, J. a. (2003). The restorative effects of roadside vegetation: implications for automobile driver anger and frustration. Environment , 35, 736-751.
Herzog, T. (1989). A cognitive analysis of preference for urban nature. Environmental Psychology , 9 (1), 27-43.
House, M., & Herring, M. (1995). Aesthetic pollution public perception. Water Research Centre, UK. Flood Hazard.Middlesex University.
Jaber, A. (2009). A STUDY FOR THE LANDUSES & THE TOWNSCAPE OF THE COMMERCIAL STREETS. High diploma . Higher Institute of Urban and Regional Planning University of Baghdad.
Jones, B. (2006). Visual Pollution, Systems and Technology. Australia: Marine and Estuarine Studies Section, NSW Environment Protection
Authority.
Khaled, M. T. (2009). Analyzing and Evaluating Visual Pollution In Tulkarem City(Center of Tulkarem City – Case Study). master thieses .An-Najah National University.
Kuther, K. K. (2011). The visual pollution and its effect in the Iraqi townscape Case study Alkadhimia / streets of bab – al-qibla and bab –al-murad. High Diploma thieses . Institute of Urban & Regional Planning University of Baghdad .
Louise, C. (1995, March). The social impacts of light weapons availability and proliferation. Discussion Papers . UNRISD.
Martin-Baro, I. (1988). La violencia politica y la guerra como causas del trauma psicosocial en El Salvador”. Revista de psicologia de El Salvador, 7 (28), 123-141.
Mohamed, N. M., & Abdel-Gawad, A. K. (2011). Landscape Impact on Roadside Improvement in Egypt Case Study of Salah Salem Road, Cairo, Egypt. World Applied Sciences Journal , 266-278.
Yilmaz, D., & Ayse, S. (2011). In the Context of Visual Pollution: Effects to Trabzon City Center Silhoutte. Asian Social Science , 7 (5), 98-109.
Bulut Z, Y. H. (2007). Determination of landscape beauties through. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 141, 121-129.
Cackowski, J. a. (2003). The restorative effects of roadside vegetation: implications for automobile driver anger and frustration. Environment , 35, 736-751.
Herzog, T. (1989). A cognitive analysis of preference for urban nature. Environmental Psychology , 9 (1), 27-43.
House, M., & Herring, M. (1995). Aesthetic pollution public perception. Water Research Centre, UK. Flood Hazard.Middlesex University,.
Jaber, A. (2009). A STUDY FOR THE LANDUSES & THE TOWNSCAPE OF THE COMMERCIAL STREETS. High diploma . Higher Institute of Urban and Regional Planning University of Baghdad.
Jones, B. (2006). Visual Pollution, Systems and Technology. Australia: Marine and Estuarine Studies Section, NSW Environment Protection
Authority.
Khaled, M. T. (2009). Analyzing and Evaluating Visual Pollution In Tulkarem City(Center of Tulkarem City – Case Study). master thieses . AnNajah National University.
Kuther, K. K. (2011). The visual pollution and its effect in the Iraqi townscape Case study Alkadhimia / streets of bab – al-qibla and bab – al-murad. High Diploma thieses . Institute of Urban & Regional Planning University of Baghdad .
Louise, C. (1995, March). The social impacts of light weapons availability and proliferation. Discussion Papers . UNRISD.
Martin-Baro, I. (1988). La violencia politica y la guerra como causas del trauma psicosocial en El Salvador”. Revista de psicologia de El Salvador, 7 (28), 123-141.
Mohamed, N. M., & Abdel-Gawad, A. K. (2011). Landscape Impact on Roadside Improvement in Egypt Case Study of Salah Salem Road, Cairo, Egypt. World Applied Sciences Journal , 266-278.
Yilmaz, D., & Ayse, S. (2011). In the Context of Visual Pollution: Effects to Trabzon City Center Silhoutte. Asian Social Science , 7 (5), 98-109.