Estimation of Flexural Strength of Plain Concrete from Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this study is to propose mathematical expressions for estimation of the flexural strength of plain concrete members from ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements. More than two hundred
pieces of precast concrete kerb units were subjected to a scheduled test program. The tests were divided into two categories; non-destructive ultrasonic and bending or rupture tests. For each precast unit, direct and indirect (surface) ultrasonic pulses were subjected to the concrete media to measure their travel velocities. The results of the tests were mointered in two graphs so that two mathematical relationships can be drawn. Direct pulse velocity versus the flexural strength was given in the first relationship while the second equation describes the flexural strength as a function of indirect (surface) pulse velocity. The application of these equations may be extended to cover the assessment of flexural strength of constructed concrete kerb units or in-situ concreting kerbstone and any other precast concrete units. Finally, a relation between direct and indirect pulse velocities of the a given concrete was predicted and suggested to be employed in case when one of the velocities is not
available can be measured for other ultrasonic pulse test applications
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
ACI Committee 209, "Prediction of creep, shrinkage and temperature effects in concrete structures". (ACI 209R-92). American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1999.
ASTM C597 (2002). "Standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete". Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol.04.02. New York, USA.
British Standards Institution (2004). EN12504-4 "Testing concrete determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity".
Abdul-Salam, M.A. (1992). "Ultrasonic pulse velocity versus strength for concrete in Qatar". Engineering Journal of Qatar University, vol.5, pp.87-93.
Ali, B.A. (2008). "Assessment of concrete compressive strength by ultrasonic non-distructive test". MSc. Thesis, Baghdad University.
Carino, N.J. (1994). "Nondestructive testing of concrete: history and challenges". ACI SP-144, Concrete Technology: past, present and future, P.K.
Mehta, Ed., American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, pp. 623-678.
C.N.S. Electronics ltd. (1979). "PUNDIT manual for use with the portable ultrasonic non-destructive degital indicating tester". London.
Elevery, R.H. and Ibrahim, L.A(1976). "Ultrasonic assessment of concrete strength at early ages". Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 28 no. 97 pp.181-190.
Hobbs, B.M. and Tchoketch, K. (2007). "Nondestructive testing techniques for the forensic engineering ivestigation of reinforced concrete buildings". Forensic Sci. Int. 167(2-3), pp.167-172.
Jassim, A.K. (2012). " Prediction of Compressive Strength of Reinforced Concrete Structural Members by Using Combined Non-Destructive Tests". MSc. Thesis, Baghdad University.
Jones, R. (1962). " Non-destructive testing of concrete". MSc. Thesis, Cambridge University, London.
Krautkramer, J. and Krautkramer, H. (1969). "Ultrasonic testing of materials". Journal of Sound Vibration, 11(1), pp.157-158.
Lawson, I., Denso, K.A., Odoi, H.C., Adjei C.A., Quashie, F.K., Mumuni, I.I. and Ibrahim, I.S. (2011). "Non-destructive evaluation of concrete using ultrasonic pulse velocity". Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 3(6) pp.499-504. Maxwell scientific organization.
Malhorta, S. and Carino, N. (2004). "Handbook on non-destructive testing", ASTM International, 2nd edition, pp.181-197.
Nash't, I.H., A'bour, S.H. and Sadoon, A.A. (2005). "Finding an unified relationship between crushing strength of concrete and non-destructive tests". www.ndt.ne, 3rd MENDT, Midle East Nondestuctive testing Conference & Exhibition, 27- 30Nov., Bahrain, Manama.
Raouf, Z. and Ali, Z.M. (1983). "Assessment of concrete characteristics at an early age by ultrasonic pulse velocity". Journal of Building Reasearch, vol.2 no.1, pp.31-44.
Shariati, M., Sulong, N.H., Arbnejad, M.M., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011). "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidit rebound hammer tests". Scientific Research and Essays vol.6(1), pp.213-220,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Solis-Carcano, R. and Moreno, E. (2008). "Evaluation of concrete made with crushed limestone aggrgate based on ultrasonic pulse velocity". Construction Building Materials, 22(6), pp.1225-1231.