Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection in Plain or Partly Inserted Square Channel with Porous Media
Main Article Content
Abstract
Several techniques are used to improve the channels' heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. One of the methods used for these improvements is porous media (PM). This research deals with an experimental study of heat transfer by forced convection inside a square-shaped channel (0.12 x 0.12 m2) with a length of (0.5 m) and a hydraulic diameter of (0.12 m). The heat flux (4791.7 W/m2) is exposed below the test section, and other walls are thermally insulated. The air was used as the working fluid for the Reynolds number range (2689.6 to 5806.3). The channel was partially filled with the PM (glass spheres with 5mm diameter) by taking three different heights layers (20, 40, and 60 mm) and knowing its effect on the temperature distribution, the local heat transfer coefficient, locally Nusselt number, and the average heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. Also, the same parameters were studied without PM inside the channel (plain). The results showed that the PM improved the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number. Also, the temperature distribution decreased gradually with the Reynolds number increase for each height layer, the local heat transfer coefficient and local Nusselt number gradually reduced with the length of the test section increase for each Reynolds number, average Nusselt number increased gradually with the growth of the Reynolds number for each height layer. The PM layer at a height of (60 mm) gave the best improvement in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number compared to the other layers. In addition, the friction factor across the test section at this layer decreases gradually with increasing fluid velocity.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Abood, F.A., 2011. Numerical study of laminar free convection heat transfer inside porous media-filled triangular enclosure. Basrah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 11(1), pp. 44-56.
Adrian Bejan, 2013. Convection heat transfer, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Canada, 4th ed., pp. 428-477.
Ali, L.F., 2015. Natural and mixed convection in square vented enclosure filled with metal foam. Journal of Engineering, 21(11), pp. 60-79. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2015.11.04
AL-Thaher, M.A., 2000. Mixed convection heat transfer in a horizontal tube filled with porous media, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Technology, Baghdad.
Antonio, B., Eugenia R., and Leiv S., 2013. Convective instability in a horizontal porous channel with permeable and conducting side boundaries. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht, 99 (3), pp. 515-533. Doi:10.1007/s11242-013-0198-y
Baragh, S., Shokouhmand, H. and Ajarostaghi, S.S.M., 2019. Experiments on mist flow and heat transfer in a tube fitted with porous media. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 137, pp. 388-398. Doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.11.030
Dawood, A.S., and Hmood, O.B., 2006. Through porous medium enclosing a rectangular isothermal body. Al- Rafidain Engineering, 14 (1), pp. 73-86. Doi:10.33899/rengj.2006.46273
Guo, C., Li, Y., Nian, X., Xu, M., Liu, H. and Wang, Y., 2020. Experimental study on the slip velocity of turbulent flow over and within porous media. Physics of Fluids, 32(1), pp. 1-14. Doi:10.1063/1.5128479
Hilal, K.H., Fadhl, L.T. and Faraj, S.N., 2012. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop in square metal packed duct with different boundary heating. Engineering and Technology Journal, 30(6), pp. 1082-1107. Doi:10.30684/etj.30.6.13
Hilal, K.H., Saleh, A.M. and Ebraheem, M.H., 2014. An experimental study on heat transfer enhancement for porous heat exchange in rectangular duct. Engineering and Technology Journal, 32(11), pp. 2788-2802. Doi:10.30684/etj.32.11A.15
Kemerli, U. and Kahveci, K., 2018. Local thermal non-equilibrium modelling of convective heat transfer in high porosity metal foams. WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, 120, pp. 293-301. Doi:10.2495/AFM180301
Khadhrawi, S., Oueslati, F.S. and Bennacer, R., 2020. Mixed convection in a channel partially filled with metal foam blocks. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 330, p. 01044). EDP Sciences. Doi:10.1051/matecconf/202033001044
Kurtbas, I. and Celik, N., 2009. Experimental investigation of forced and mixed convection heat transfer in a foam-filled horizontal rectangular channel. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 52(5-6), pp. 1313-1325. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.07.050
Lafta, H.D. and Mohammed, D.O., 2023. Experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a double pipe heat exchanger using compound technique of transverse vibration and inclination angle. Journal of Engineering, 29(5), pp. 90-105. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2023.05.07
Li, P., Zhang, J., Wang, K. and Xu, Z., 2019. Heat transfer characteristics of thermally developing forced convection in a porous circular tube with asymmetric entrance temperature under LTNE condition. Applied Thermal Engineering, 154, pp. 326-331. Doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.109
Li, Q. and Hu, P., 2019. Analytical solutions of fluid flow and heat transfer in a partial porous channel with stress jump and continuity interface conditions using LTNE model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 128, pp. 1280-1295. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.08.132
Majel, B.M. and Obaid, Z.A.H., 2024. Experimental investigation of forced convective heat transfer and fluid flow in a mini heat pipe with rectangular micro grooves. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 10(1), pp.207-218. Doi:10.18186/thermal.1429961
Mahdi, A.N., Hasan, M.R. and Rasheed, S.A., 2021. Experimental study of forced convection heat transfer through porous media inside a rectangular duct of fully developed region, In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1076 (1), P. 012073. Doi:10.1088/1757-899X/ 1076/ 1/ 012073
Makkawi, Y. T., 1995. Investigation of heat transfer in a rectangular packed duct with constant heat flux and symmetrical wall temperatures, M.Sc. Thesis, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
Moghadasi, H., Aminian, E., Saffari, H., Mahjoorghani, M. and Emamifar, A., 2020. Numerical analysis on laminar forced convection improvement of hybrid nanofluid within a U-bend pipe in porous media. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 179, P. 105659. Doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105659
Mohammed, A.A., 2020. Review on heat transfer process inside open and closed porous cavity. Journal of Engineering, 26(9), pp. 204-216. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2020.09.14
Nazari, S. and Toghraie, D., 2017. Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow of Water-CuO Nanofluid in a sinusoidal channel with a porous medium. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 87, pp. 134-140. Doi:10.1016/j.physe.2016.11.035
Nimvari, M.E., Maerefat, M. and El-Hossaini, M.K., 2012. Numerical simulation of turbulent flow and heat transfer in a channel partially filled with a porous media. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 60, pp. 131-141. Doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.05.016
Pastore, N., Cherubini, C., Rapti, D. and Giasi, C.I., 2018. Experimental study of forced convection heat transport in porous media. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 25(2), pp. 279-290. Doi: 10.5194/npg-25-279-2018
Poulikakos, D., and Renken, K., 1987. Forced convection in a channel filled with porous medium including the effects of flow inertia variable porosity and Brinkman friction. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 109 (4), pp. 880-888. Doi:10.1115/1.3248198
Rasheed, S.A. and Abood, J.M., 2017. Force convection heat transfer from a different cross section cylinder embedded in porous media. Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences, 20(3), pp. 727-736. Doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.14800.25600
Salim, T.K., 2008. An experimental study for heat transfer enhancement by laminar forced convection from horizontal and inclined tube heated with constant heat flux, using two types of porous media. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 15(2), pp. 15-36. Doi:10.25130/tjes.15.2.09
Sawhney, G. S., 2011. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics, I. K. International Pvt Ltd, 2nd ed., pp.66.
Seki, N., Fukusako, S. and Inaba, H., 1978. Heat transfer in a confined rectangular cavity packed with porous media. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 21(7), pp. 985-989. Doi:10.1016/0017-9310(78)90190-4
Shehab, S.N., 2016. Experimental investigation of natural convection into a horizontal annular tube with porous medium effects. Journal of Engineering, 22(12), pp. 103-117. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2016.12.07
Shokouhmand, H., Jam, F. and Salimpour, M.R., 2011. The effect of porous insert position on the enhanced heat transfer in partially filled channels. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 38(8), pp. 1162-1167. Doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.04.027
Torabi, M., Zhang, K., Yang, G., Wang, J. and Wu, P., 2015. Heat transfer and entropy generation analyses in a channel partially filled with porous media using local thermal non-equilibrium model. Energy, 82, pp. 922-938. Doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.01.102
Varol, Y., Oztop, H.F., Mobedi, M. and Pop, I., 2008. Visualization of natural convection heat transport using heatline method in porous non-isothermally heated triangular cavity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51(21-22), pp. 5040-5051. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.04.023
Youssif, Y.F., Kadhum, M.H. and Ali, A.H., 2020, November. Experimental study for laminar forced convection heat transfer enhancement from horizontal tube heated with constant heat flux, by using different types of porous media. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 928 (2), IOP Publishing. Doi:10.1088/1757-899X/928/2/022086
Zhu, X., Pan, D., Gao, Y., Guo, Y., Guan, Y. and Ma, H., 2023. Heat transfer enhancement in a regenerative cooling channel using porous media. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 183, P.109234. Doi:10.1016/j.cep.2022.109234