Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in Trickle Bed Reactor over Ni/Sio2 Catalyst

Main Article Content

Majid I. Abdulwahab

Abstract

Trickle bed reactor was used to study the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over Ni/SiO2 catalyst. The catalyst was prepared using the Highly Dispersed Catalyst (HDC) technique. Porous silica particles (capped cylinders, 6x5.5 mm) were used as catalyst support. The catalyst was characterized by TPR, BET surface area and pore volume, X-ray diffraction, and Raman Spectra. The trickle bed reactor was packed with catalyst and diluted with fine glass beads in order to decrease the external effects such as mass transfer, heat transfer and wall effect. The catalyst bed dilution was found to double the liquid holdup, which increased the catalyst wetting and hence, the gas-liquid mass transfer rate. The main product of the hydrogenation reaction of nitrobenzene was aniline. Reaction operating conditions, i.e., temperature, liquid flow rate, and initial feed concentration were investigated to find their influences on the conversion and rate of nitrobenzene hydrogenation. Under normal conditions without bed dilution, the system was mass transfer controlled. In the diluted reactor, on the other hand, the resistance of mass transfer was nearly absent and the system became under surface kinetic control. The catalyst showed significant deactivation during the reaction period due to the adsorption of intermediate amine products on the surface of the catalyst. The kinetic study revealed that the reaction is zero order with respect to nitrobenzene concentration for the range of concentration between 0.58 to 1.17 mol/L while it was of positive order for the initial concentration less than 0.58 mol/L

Article Details

How to Cite
“Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in Trickle Bed Reactor over Ni/Sio2 Catalyst” (2013) Journal of Engineering, 19(10), pp. 1314–1326. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2013.10.09.
Section
Articles

How to Cite

“Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in Trickle Bed Reactor over Ni/Sio2 Catalyst” (2013) Journal of Engineering, 19(10), pp. 1314–1326. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2013.10.09.

Publication Dates

References

Al-Dahhan, M. H., Wu, Y., and Dudukovik, M. P., Reproducible Technique for Packing Laboratory-Scale Trickle-Bed Reactors with a Mixture of Catalyst and Fines, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, Vol. 34, pp 741-747.

Augustine, R.L., Organic Functional Group Hydrogenation, in Catalysis Reviews, Science and Engineering, 1976, p. 285-313.

Collins, D.J., Smith, A.D., and Davis, B.H., Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over a nickel boride catalyst. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.,

, Vol. 21, pp. 279-281.

Gelder, E.A., Jackson, S.D., and Lok, C.M., A study of nitrobenzene hydrogenation over palladium/carbon catalysts, Catal. Lett, 2002. Vol. 84(3-4), pp. 205-208.

Gelder, E.A., The Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene over Metal Catalyst, PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005

Hatziantoniou, V., Andersson, B., and Schoon, N. H., Mass transfer and selectivity in liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitro compounds in a monolithic catalyst reactor with sehmeted gas-liquid flow,Ind. Eng. Chem. Process. Des. Dev., 1986, Vol. 25, pp. 964-970.

Hindle, K., Jackson, S. D., and Webb, G., The hydrogenation of para-toluidine in a trickle bed reactor: mass transfer, product selectivity and

catalyst deactivation, Current Topics in Catalysis, 2008, Vol. 7, pp. 115-125.

Hiroshi Yamada, Takafumi Naruse, Shigeo Goto, Trickle bed reactor diluted with fine particles and coiled tubular Flow-type reactor for kinetic

measurements without external effects, Catalysis Today, 1999, Vol. 48, pp. 301-306.

Hoffer, B.W., van Langeveld, A.D., Janssens, J.P., Bonné, R.L.C., Lok, C.M., Moulijn, J.A., Stability of Highly Dispersed Ni/Al2O3Catalysts:

Effects of Pretreatment, J.Catal., 2000, Vol. 192(2), pp 432-440.

Holler, V., Wegricht, D., Yuranov, I., KiwiMinsker, L. and Renken, A., Three-phase nitrobenzene hydrogenation over supported glass

fiber catalysts: reaction kinetics study. Chem. Eng. Technol, 2000. Vol. 23(3), pp. 251-255.

Li, C., Y.-W. Chen, and W.-J. Wang, Nitrobenzene hydrogenation over aluminium borate-supported platinum catalyst. Appl. Catal. A, 1994. Vol. 119, pp. 185-194.

Martin Lok, C., Novel highly dispersed cobalt catalysts for improved Fischer-Tropsch productivity, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2004, Vol. 147, pp. 283-288.

Metcalfe, A. and Rowden, M.W., Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over palladium-silver catalysts, J. Catal, 1971. Vol. 22, pp. 30-34.

Nele, M., Vidal, A., Bhering, D. L., Pinto, J., and V. M. Salim, Preparation of high loading silica supported nickel catalysts: simultaneous analysis

of the precipitation and aging steps, Appl. Catal. A, 1999, Vol.178, pp. 177-189.

Qing Z., Li F., Fang X., and Yao S., Study on silica supported Cu-Cr-Mo nitrobenzene hydrogenation catalysts. Appl. Catal. A, 1997. Vol. 161, pp. 129-135.

Wang, J., Yuan, Z., Nie, R., Hou, Z., and Zheng, X., Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline over silica gel supported nickel catalysts, Ind. Eng.

Res., 2010, Vol. 49, pp. 4664-4669.

Weisz, B. P., and Prater, C. D., Interpretation of measurements in experimental catalysis, Advances in Catalysts, 1954, Vol. 6, VI, pp144–196.

Wilke, C. R, and Chang, P., Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions, AIChE, 1955, V1, p 264.

Yao, H. C., and Emmett, P.H., Kinetics of liquid phase hydrogenation. IV. Hydrogenation of nitrocompounds over raney nickel and nickel

powder catalysts, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1961. 84: p. 1086-1091.

Young, C.L., Solubility Data Series - Hydrogen and deuterium, 1981, Vol. 5/6, Pergamon Press, Oxford

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.