DEWAXING OF DISTILLATE OIL FRACTION (400- 500 ºC) USING UREA
Main Article Content
Abstract
De-waxing of lubricating oil distillate (400-500 ºC) by using urea was investigated in the
present study. Lubricating oil distillate produced by vacuum distillation and refined by furfural
extraction was taken from Al-Daura refinery. This oil distillate has a pour point of 34 ºC. Two solvents were used to dilute the oil distillate, these are methyl isobutyl ketone and methylene chloride. The operating conditions of the urea adduct formation with n-paraffins in the presence of methyl isobutyl ketone were studied in details, these are solvent to oil volume ratio within the range of 0 to 2, mixer speed 0 to 2000 rpm, urea to wax weight ratio 0 to 6.3, time of adduction 0 to 71 min and temperature 30-70 ºC). Pour point of de-waxed oil and yield of wax produced were determined to show the effect of these operating conditions. The most favorable operating conditions were solvent to oil volume ratio of 1, mixer speed of 1500 rpm, urea to wax weight ratio of 5, time of adduction of 13 min and temperature of 30-52 ºC.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Hobson G.D., "Modern petroleum technology", Applied science publishers LTD, (1973);
reprinted, (1975).
O'Connor J.J., and Boyd J., "Standard handbook of lubrication engineering", McGraw-Hill
book Co., New York, (1968).
Gary J.H., "Petroleum refining, technology and economics", 3rd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.,
New York, (1994).
Speight J.G., "The chemistry and technology of petroleum", 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.,
New York, (1991).
Kirk and Othemer, "Encyclopedia of chemical technology", Vol. 18 pp. 433 – 469, (1996) and
Vol. 25 pp. 618 – 621, (1998), 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Kirk and Othemer, "Encyclopedia of chemical technology", Vol. 10 pp. 120 and 148, (1953),
Mark Printing Co.
Kalichevsky, "Chemical refining of petroleum", Elsevier Scientific Publishing company,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (1956).
Hydrocarbon Process, 53 (9), 169 – 204 (1974).
Kilmenko E.T., Guneer A.A., and Fal'kovich M.I., Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and
Oils, (7), pp. 332 (1984).
Passut C.A, Barton P., Klaus E.E., and Tewksbury E.J., Ind. Eng. Chem., Process Des. Dev., 16
(1), 120 – 124 (1977).
Rossi A., Preprints of Div. Petro. Chem., Amer. Chem. Soc. Meeting, Washington DC, Aug. 23
– 28, (1992), pp. 1322 – 1336.
Burris D.R., and McKinney J.D., "Petroleum processing handbook", Marcel Dekker Inc., New
York, 1992.
Hargrove J.D., Elkes G.J., and Richardson A.H., Oil and Gas J., 77 (2), 103 – 105 (1979).
Smith K.W., Starr W.C., and Chen N.Y., Oil and Gas J., 78 (21), 75 – 84 (1980).
Riyadh H.H., "Catalytic pour point reduction of lubricating oil fractions", Ph. D. Thesis,
submitted to the College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, (2002).
Ferund M., Csikos R., Keszthelyi S., and Moze G.Y., "Paraffin products, properties,
technologies and applications", Elsevier Scientific Publishing company, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands, (1982).
Asinger F., "Paraffins, chemistry and technology", 1st edition, Pergamon press Ltd., (1968).
Fetterly L.C., Petrol. Refin., 36 (7), 145 – 152, July (1957).
Domask W.G., and Kobe K.A., Petrol. Refin., 34 (4), 128 – 133, April (1955).
Bailey M.A., Bannerot R.A., Fetterly L.C., and Smith A.G., Ind. Eng. Chem., 43 (9), 2125 –
(1951).
Brooks B.T., Boord C.E., Kurtz S.S., and Schmerling L., "The chemistry of petroleum hydrocarbons", Vol. I, Chap. 10. Reinhold Publishing Co. New York, (1954).
Swern D., Ind. Eng. Chem., 47, 2125 (1955).
Franz, Hermann, Kunert, and Max, U. S. patent, No. 3,954,598 (1976).
Bataafsche Petroleum, European Patent, No. GB671456 (1952).
Kunert, Maximilian, Wegner, and Hans-Georg, U. S. Patent, No. 3,945,912 (1976).
Mead, Theodore C., Wright, and James H., U. S. Patent, No. 4,504,376 (1985).
Marechal J., and Radzitzky P., J. Inst. Pet., 46 (434), 33 – 45 (1960).
Kobe K.A., and Domask W.G., Petrol. Refin., 31 (5), 151 – 157, May (1952).
Scholten G.G., in Mcketta J.J., ed., Petroleum Processing Handbook, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,
New York, 1992, pp. 583.
Yiren Yu., European Patent, No. CN2545201U (2003).