Effect of Production and Curing Methods on the Properties of Roller-Compacted Concrete: A Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) exhibits many characteristics of both asphalt and rigid pavements, but their use is restricted. Many reasons led to this decision, including the fact that RCC is a type of concrete mixture that requires a specific consistency. It should be firm enough to be compacted by a roller compactor but also have enough moisture to ensure even distribution. The lab-field performance difference of RCC is another reason for decreasing its use. The laboratory RCC mixes are prepared using the modified Proctor compaction method. Subsequently, specimens are fabricated utilizing a vibratory hammer (VH) to evaluate their strength properties. Nevertheless, in the construction industry, pavement is built utilizing static, pneumatic, and vibratory rollers. Consequently, quality control is carried out by acquiring pavement samples and comparing them to laboratory samples. Each of these procedures employs different processes and energies, resulting in variations in field and laboratory behavior. In this investigation, some studies will be discussed about the RCC behavior under field and lab conditions using various design methods, such as the vibrating table (VH), vibratory table (VT), gyratory compactor (GC), and modified proctor (MP). These studies showed a difference in RCC mechanical and macroscale properties between laboratory compaction methods. For instance, VH specimens led to a higher evaluation, while GY specimens produced a less favorable estimation of the hardened properties observed in the field. While the MP and VT compacted specimens had a comparable structural arrangement to the field, they exhibited notable differences in terms of porosity and strength. Other studies revealed the essence of the curing stage in terms of RCC mechanical properties and indicated that some curing processes, like compound curing, may improve RCC performance.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Abbas, Z.K., 2022. Roller compacted concrete: Literature review. Journal of Engineering, 28(6), pp. 65-83. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2022.06.06
Ahmed, H.K. and Gata, I.K., 2015. Effect of practical curing methods on the properties of roller compacted concrete. Engineering and Technology Journal, 33(2 Part (A) Engineering).
Abed, Z.M. and Salih, A.A., 2017. Effect of using lightweight aggregate on properties of roller compacted concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 114(4), P. 517.
Abrams, J., Jacksha, J., Norton, L. and Irvine, D., 1986. Roller-Compacted concrete pavement at portland international airport. Transportation Research Record, 1062, pp.20-24.
Asthana, B.N. and Khare, D., 2022. Roller compacted concrete dams. in Recent Advances In Dam Engineering. pp. 73-88. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32278-6_4.
Ahmadi, M., Shafabakhsh, G.A. and Hassani, A., 2021. Fracture and mechanical performance of two-lift concrete pavements made of roller compacted concrete and polypropylene fibers. Construction and Building Materials, 268, p.121144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121144
Abu-Khashaba, M.I., Adam, I. and El-Ashaal, A., 2014. Investigating the possibility of constructing low-cost roller compacted concrete dam. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53(1), pp.131-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2013.11.009
Anderson, R., 1987. Swedish experiences with RCC. Concrete International, 9(2), pp.18-24.
ACI 327R, 2015. Guide to roller compacted. Concrete, Pavements, American concrete. Institute.
ACI 325.10R, 1995. State-of-the-Art Report on Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavements
ACI PRC-309.5, 2022. compaction of roller-compacted concrete—report, American concrete. Institute, 327R.
ASTM C1176, 2008. Standard practice for making roller-compacted concrete in cylinder molds using a vibrating table.
ASTM D1557-12, 2021. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3))
ASTM D1435, 2005. Standard Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
ASTM C1800, 2016. Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Roller-Compacted Concrete Specimens Using the Gyratory Compactor, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Amer, N., Storey, C. and Delatte, N., 2004. Roller-compacted concrete mix design procedure with gyratory compactor. Transportation Research Record, 1893(1), pp.46-52. https://doi.org/10.3141/1893-06
Amer, N., Delatte, N. and Storey, C., 2003. Using gyratory compaction to investigate density and mechanical properties of roller-compacted concrete. Transportation research record, 1834(1), pp.77-84. https://doi.org/10.3141/1834-10
Aghaeipour, A. and Madhkhan, M., 2020. Mechanical properties and durability of roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP)–a review. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 21(7), pp.1775-1798. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2019.1579754
Britpave, 2013. Guide to roller compacted concrete pavements. Structural design of roller-compacted concrete for industrial pavements, Portland Cement Association.
Bayqra, S.H., Mardani-Aghabaglou, A. and Ramyar, K., 2022. Physical and mechanical properties of high-volume fly ash roller compacted concrete pavement (A laboratory and case study). Construction and Building Materials, 314, p.125664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125664
Chhorn, C., Hong, S.J. and Lee, S.W., 2017. A study on performance of roller-compacted concrete for pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 153, pp.535-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.135
Chhorn, C., Hong, S.J. and Lee, S.W., 2018. Relationship between compressive and tensile strengths of roller-compacted concrete. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 5(3), pp.215-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2017.09.002
Deghfel, M., Meddah, A., Beddar, M. and Chikouche, M.A., 2019. Experimental study on the effect of hot climate on the performance of roller-compacted concrete pavement. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 4(1), p.54 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-019-0246-8.
Dale, H., Fares, A., Wayne, A. and Chetan, H., 2010. Guide for roller compacted concrete pavements. Iowa State University, National Concrete Pavement Technology Center, Portland Cement Association (PCA), Skokie, IL, pp.1-114.
Damrongwiriyanupap, N., Liang, Y.C. and Xi, Y., 2012. Application of Roller Compacted Concrete in Colorado's Roadways (No. CDOT-2012-11). Colorado. DTD Applied Research and Innovation Branch.
Donegan, J.P., 2011. Chapter 48 Roller compacted concrete. In ICE manual of highway design and management (pp. 481-485). Thomas Telford Ltd.
Debieb, F., Courard, L., Kenai, S. and Degeimbre, R., 2009. Roller compacted concrete with contaminated recycled aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 23(11), pp.3382-3387.
Engineers,U.A.C.O., 2000. Roller-compacted concrete. EM 1110-2-2006, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 15 January.
Erdélyi, A. and Kovács, K., 1978. Efficiency Of Liquid Membrane· Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 22(1-2), pp.45-56.
Fardin, H.E. and Santos, A.G.D., 2020. Roller compacted concrete with recycled concrete aggregate for paving bases. Sustainability, 12(8), p.3154. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083154
Ghahari, S.A., Mohammadi, A. and Ramezanianpour, A.A., 2017. Performance assessment of natural pozzolan roller compacted concrete pavements. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2017.03.004
Ghafoori, N. and Cai, Y., 1998. Laboratory-Made RCC containing Dry Bottom Ash: Part I—Mechanical Properties. Materials Journal, 95(2), pp.121-130. https://doi.org/10.14359/357
Hashemi, M., Shafigh, P., Karim, M.R.B. and Atis, C.D., 2018. The effect of coarse to fine aggregate ratio on the fresh and hardened properties of roller-compacted concrete pavement. Construction and building materials, 169, pp.553-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.216
Han, J., Wang, K., Wang, X. and Monteiro, P.J., 2016. 2D image analysis method for evaluating coarse aggregate characteristics and distribution in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 127, pp.30-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.120
Khan, Z.A.M.A. and Abbas, Z.K., 2021, February. Investigation of external sulphate attacks and moisture effects on roller-compacted concrete pavement mixes containing micro silica sand powder. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1067(1), p. 012007. IOP Publishing. http://doi 10.1088/1757-899X/1067/1/01200
Kennedy, C.T., 1940, February. The design of concrete mixes. In Journal Proceedings (Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 373-400). https://doi.org/10.14359/8528
Keleş, Ö.F. and Akpinar, M.V., 2022. Strength properties of roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) under different curing methods. Construction and Building Materials, 324, p.126530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126530
Kheirbek, A., Ibrahim, A., Asaad, M. and Wardeh, G., 2022. Experimental Study on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Roller Compacted Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregates. Infrastructures, 7(4), P. 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7040054
LaHucik, J. and Roesler, J., 2017. Field and laboratory properties of roller-compacted concrete pavements. Transportation Research Record, 2630(1), pp.33-40. https://doi.org/10.3141/2630-05
Ludwig, D., Nanni, A., Shoenberger, J.E. and army engineer water ways experiment station vicksburg ms geotechnical lab, 1994. Application of Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) Technology to Roadway Paving. Construction Productivity Advancement Research (CPAR) Program.
Lam, M.N.T., Jaritngam, S. and Le, D.H., 2018. EAF slag aggregate in roller-compacted concrete pavement: Effects of delay in compaction. Sustainability, 10(4), p.1122. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041122
Lee, S.W., Cho, Y.H. and Park, C., 2014. Mechanical performance and field application of low cement-based concrete under compaction energy. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 18, pp.1053-1062. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041122
Marques Filho, J., Paulon, V.A., Monteiro, P.J., de Andrade, W.P. and Dal Molin, D., 2008. Development of laboratory device to simulate roller-compacted concrete placement. ACI Materials Journal, 105(2), p.125.
Nanni, A., 1989. Abrasion resistance of roller compacted concrete. Materials Journal, 86(6), pp.559-565.
Naik, T.R., Chun, Y.M., Kraus, R.N., Singh, S.S., Pennock, L.L.C. and Ramme, B.W., 2001. Strength and durability of roller-compacted HVFA concrete pavements. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 6(4), pp.154-165. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0680(2001)6:4(154)
Özcan, S., 2008. Bonding efficiency of roller compacted concrete with different bedding mixes (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University).
Park, J.Y., Han, S.H., Lee, S.W. and Kim, Y.K., 2020. Fatigue behavior of roller-compacted concrete pavement based on full-scale fatigue test. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 48(4), pp.2895-2907. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20170522
Pouliot, N., Sedran, T., De Larrard, F. and Marchand, J., 2001. Prediction of the compactness of roller-compacted concrete using a granular packing model. Bull des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, 233, pp.23-36.
Qasrawi, H.Y., Asi, I.M. and Wahhab, H.A.A., 2005. Proportioning RCCP mixes under hot weather conditions for a specified tensile strength. Cement and concrete research, 35(2), pp.267-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.030
Shamran, A.S. and Abbas, Z.K., 2023. Disposal of demolished waste as partial fine aggregate replacement in roller-compacted concrete. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 32(1), p.20220306. https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0306
Selvam, M., Kalyan, N.S.S.P., Kannan, K.R. and Singh, S., 2023. Assessing the effect of different compaction mechanisms on the internal structure of roller compacted concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 365, p.130072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130072
Selvam, M. and Singh, S., 2023. Comparative investigation of laboratory and field compaction techniques for designing roller compacted concrete pavements (RCCP). International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 24(1), p.2177850. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2023.2177850
Shaikh, A.S., Lahare, P.S., Nagpure, V.B. and Ghorpde, S.S., 2017. Curing of concrete. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 4(3), pp.913-917.
Şengün, E., Alam, B., Shabani, R. and Yaman, I.O., 2019. The effects of compaction methods and mix parameters on the properties of roller compacted concrete mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 228, p.116807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116807
Söğüt, S., 2014. State of the art in roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams: Design and construction (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University).
Shen, L., Li, Q., Ge, W. and Xu, S., 2020. The mechanical property and frost resistance of roller compacted concrete by mixing silica fume and limestone powder: Experimental study. Construction and Building Materials, 239, p.117882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117882
Shafigh, P., Hashemi, M., Nam, B.H. and Koting, S., 2020. Optimum moisture content in roller-compacted concrete pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 21(14), pp.1769-1779. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1567919
Tarrad, A.T. and Abbas, Z.K., 2023. Constructing a Sustainable Roller Compacted Concrete Using Waste Demolished Material as Replacement of Cement: A Review. Journal of Engineering, 29(11), pp.129-142 . https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.11.08
Tarrad, A.T. and Abbas, Z.K., 2023. Investigation of the Ability of Producing Eco-Friendly Roller Compacted Concrete Using Waste Material. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 24(10). https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/170708
Vahedifard, F., Nili, M., and Meehan, C.L., 2010. Assessing the effects of supplementary cementitious materials on the performance of low-cement roller compacted concrete pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 24(12), pp. 2528-2535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.003
Villena, J., Trichês, G. and Prudêncio, Jr, L.R., 2011. Replacing the aggregate by rice husk ash in roller compacted concrete for composite pavements. In Pavements and materials: recent advances in design, testing and construction (pp. 19-27). https://doi.org/10.1061/47623(402)3
Wang, C., Chen, W., Hao, H., Zhang, S., Song, R. and Wang, X., 2018. Experimental investigations of dynamic compressive properties of roller compacted concrete (RCC). Construction and building materials, 168, pp.671-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.112
Wu, Z. and Mahdi, M., 2015. Roller compacted concrete over soil cement under accelerated loading. In Airfield and Highway Pavements 2015 (pp. 418-428). https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479216.03