Control of Propagation of Salt Wedge by using Roughness Blocks having Different Inclination

محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Safa Haider Badr
Riyadh Z. Azzubaidi

الملخص

The hydraulic conditions of a flow previously proved to be changed when placing large-scale geometric roughness elements on the bed of an open channel. These elements impose more resistance to the flow.  The geometry of the roughness elements, the numbers used, and the configuration are parameters that can affect the hydraulic flow characteristics. The target is to use inclined block elements to control the salt wedge propagation pointed in most estuaries to prevent its negative effects. The Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD Software was used to simulate the two-phase flow in an estuary model. In this model, the used block elements are 2 cm by 3 cm cross-sections with an inclined face in the flow direction, with a length of their sides 2 and 3 cm. These elements were placed with a constant spacing in two rows at a distance from two sides of the bed of the channel model. Six simulation runs were conducted with two different discharges and three different inclinations of the centerline of the element concerning the flow direction. The applied discharges are 30 and 45.3 l/min, and the inclination of roughness elements are 15o, 30o, and 45o. The spacing between elements in each row is kept at 3cm. The results showed that when no roughness elements were used, the propagation of the salt wedge extended to 3.9m and 3.1m at a discharge of 30 l/min and 45.31/min, respectively. The propagation of the salt wedge was reduced when using the inclined blocks roughness element. This reduction depends on the applied discharge and the angle of inclination.  At the minimum applied discharge of 30 l/min, the propagation of the salt wedge was reduced by 74% at 45o inclination. In contrast, it was 69% at 30o and 64% at 15o inclination at the same discharge. When the discharge is 45.3 l/min, the propagation of the salt wedge was reduced by 85% at 45o inclinations of roughness, 84% at 30o. It was  70% at 15o inclinations. The roughness elements improve the flow turbulence that disperses and slows the salt wedge propagation beneath the fresh water.

تفاصيل المقالة

كيفية الاقتباس
"Control of Propagation of Salt Wedge by using Roughness Blocks having Different Inclination" (2023) مجلة الهندسة, 29(10), ص 182–194. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2023.10.11.
القسم
Articles

كيفية الاقتباس

"Control of Propagation of Salt Wedge by using Roughness Blocks having Different Inclination" (2023) مجلة الهندسة, 29(10), ص 182–194. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2023.10.11.

تواريخ المنشور

المراجع

Abbaspour, A. and Kia, S.H., 2014. Numerical investigation of turbulent open channel flow with semi-cylindrical rough beds. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 18, pp.2252-2260. Doi:10.1007/s12205-014-0301-0

AL, A.M.H. and Azzubaidi, R.Z., 2021. Investigations on the impact of using elliptic groynes on the flow in open channels. Journal of Engineering, 27(2), pp.44-58. Doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2021.02.04

Al-Fuady, M. F., and Azzubaidi, R. Z., 2021. An experimental study on investigating and controlling salt wedge propagation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 779(1), P. 012079. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012079

Ali, A.A. and Al Thamiry, H.A., 2021. Controlling the salt wedge intrusion in shatt al-arab river by a barrage. Journal of Engineering, 27(12), pp. 69-86. Doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2021.12.06

Alwan, I. A., and Azzubaidi, R. Z., 2021. A computational fluid dynamics investigation of using large-scale geometric roughness elements in open channels. Journal of Engineering, 27(1), pp. 35–44. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2021.01.03

Ashgriz, N., and Mostaghimi, J., 2002. An introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Fluid flow handbook, 1, ch. 4, pp. 1-49.‏ http://www2.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/MUSSL/cfd20.pdf%20

Baghalian, S. and Ghodsian, M., 2020. Experimental study on the effects of artificial bed roughness on turbidity currents over abrupt bed slope change. International Journal of Sediment Research, 35(3), pp.256-268 Doi: 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.004

Biringen, S. and Chow, C.Y., 2011. An introduction to computational fluid mechanics by example. John Wiley & Sons.

Briggs, S., Karney, B. W., and Sleep, B. E., 2017. Numerical modeling of the effects of roughness on flow and eddy formation in fractures. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 9(1), pp. 105–115. Doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.08.004

Cassan, L., Roux, H. and Garambois, P.A., 2017. A semi-analytical model for the hydraulic resistance due to macro-roughnesses of varying shapes and densities. Water, 9(9), p.637. Doi: 10.3390/w9090637

Cavalcante, D. M., Chaves, M. T. L., Campos, G. M., Cantalice, J. R. B., and Junior, G. B., 2021. Sediment transport and roughness coefficients generated by flexible vegetation patches in the emergent and submerged conditions in a semiarid alluvial open channel. Ecological Indicators, 125, P. 107472. Doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107472

Date, A.W., 2005. Introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Cambridge university press.

Date, A.W., 2012. Introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Cambridge University Press. Doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511808975.

De Marchis, M., Milici, B., and Napoli, E., 2019. Large eddy simulations on the effect of the irregular roughness shape on turbulent channel flows. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 80, P. 108494. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.108494

Dritselis, C. D., 2014. Large eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow with transverse roughness elements on one wall. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 50, pp. 225–239. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2014.08.008

Gholami, A., Bonakdari, H., Zaji, A.H. and Akhtari, A.A., 2015. Simulation of open channel bend characteristics using computational fluid dynamics and artificial neural networks. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 9(1), pp.355-369. Doi:10.1080/19942060.2015.1033808

Greco, M., Mirauda, D., and Plantamura, A.V., 2014. Manning's roughness through the entropy parameter for steady open channel flows in low submergence. Procedia Engineering, 70, pp.773-780. Doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.084

Kim, S. J., 2011. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of turbulent open-channel flow through vegetation. PhD. thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.

Krvavica, N. and Ružić, I., 2020. Assessment of sea-level rise impacts on salt-wedge intrusion in idealized and Neretva River Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 234, p.106638. Doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106638

Krvavica, N., Travaš, V. and Ožanić, N., 2017. Salt-wedge response to variable river flow and sea-level rise in the Microtidal Rječina River Estuary, Croatia. Journal of coastal research, 33(4), pp.802-814. Doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00053.1

Niyogi, P., 2006. Introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Pearson Education India.

Ospino, S., Restrepo, J.C., Otero, L., Pierini, J., and Alvarez-Silva, O., 2018. Saltwater intrusion into a river with high fluvial discharge: A microtidal estuary of the Magdalena River, Colombia. Journal of Coastal Research, 34 (6), pp. 1273–1288. Doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-17-00144.1

Petrila, T. and Trif, D., 2004. Basics of fluid mechanics and introduction to computational fluid dynamics (Vol. 3). Springer Science & Business Media.

Poggioli, A.R. and Horner-Devine, A.R., 2015. The sensitivity of salt wedge estuaries to channel geometry. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45(12), pp.3169-3183. Doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0218.1

Ralston, D.K., Cowles, G.W., Geyer, W.R. and Holleman, R.C., 2017. Turbulent and numerical mixing in a salt wedge estuary: Dependence on grid resolution, bottom roughness, and turbulence closure. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(1), pp.692-712. Doi:10.1002/2016JC011738

Rao, P.L., Prasad, B.S.S., Sharma, A., and Khatua, K.K., 2022. Experimental and numerical analysis of velocity distribution in a compound meandering channel with double layered rigid vegetated flood plains. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 83, p.102111. Doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2021.102111

Sajjadi, S.G. and Aldridge, J.N., 1995. Prediction of turbulent flow over rough asymmetrical bed forms. Applied mathematical modelling, 19(3), pp.139-152. Doi: 10.1016/0307-904X(94)00005-Q

Servini, P., Smith, F.T. and Rothmayer, A.P., 2017. The impact of static and dynamic roughness elements on flow separation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 830, pp.35-62. Doi:10.1017/jfm.2017.577

Shaheed, A. K., and Azzubaidi, R. Z., 2022. CFD simulation model of salt wedge propagation. Journal of Engineering, 28(1), pp. 76-85. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2022.01.06

Shamloo, H. and Pirzadeh, B., 2015. Analysis of roughness density and flow submergence effects on turbulence flow characteristics in open channels using a large eddy simulation. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 39(3-4), pp.1074-1086. Doi:10.1016/j.apm.2014.07.023

Sharma, A., 2021. Introduction to computational fluid dynamics: development, application and analysis. Springer Nature. Doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72884_710.

Tani, K., and Fujita, I., 2020. Application of the sampling moiré method to shallow open-channel flows with circular roughness elements. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 76, P. 101845. Doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101845

Versteeg, H. K., and Malalasekera, W., 2007. An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method. 2nd ed., Pearson Education, Limited, London, England.

Xiong, Q., Yang, Y., Xu, F., Pan, Y., Zhang, J., Hong, K., Lorenzini, G. and Wang, S., 2017. Overview of computational fluid dynamics simulation of reactor-scale biomass pyrolysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(4), pp.2783-2798. Doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02634

Zachopoulos, K., Kokkos, N., and Sylaios, G., 2020, Salt wedge intrusion modeling along the lower reaches of a Mediterranean river. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 39, P. 101467. Doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101467.

المؤلفات المشابهة

يمكنك أيضاً إبدأ بحثاً متقدماً عن المشابهات لهذا المؤلَّف.

الأعمال الأكثر قراءة لنفس المؤلف/المؤلفين