Augmented Reality’s Role in Highlighting Historical Heritage / Kirkuk Citadel
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the technological developments in recent years that uses the real world as a basic pillar and enhances it by overlaying virtual objects created by computers. The study provides an overview of the use of augmented reality technology in meeting one of the most important requirements of cultural tourism: highlighting cultural and historical heritage. Accordingly, the research problem concentrated on the lack of local literature associated with the use of augmented reality in cultural tourism. It aimed to fill this gap by building a knowledge base and demonstrating the potential of augmented reality in this field. Hence, the importance of research in drawing the attention of tourism practitioners to the importance of augmented reality and discovering its potential. The research discusses the topics of cultural heritage, cultural tourism, augmented reality, and the study of its potential and applications in tourism. Augmented reality capabilities from the theoretical framework have been applied to Kirkuk Citadel -as a case of study- through the application of a proposal by the researcher for Kirkuk Citadel. The research concludes that augmented reality is an interactive scientific guide that supports the tourist, meets his cultural needs, and positively impacts the quality of tourism and tourist attractions.
The study is part of an ongoing research project aimed at developing the tourism of historic city centers through augmented reality technology.
تفاصيل المقالة
كيفية الاقتباس
تواريخ المنشور
المراجع
Abdel Hakim, M., and El Deeb, H.A., 2012. Geography of Tourism. Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo.
Aggarwal., R., and Singhal., A., 2019. Augmented Reality and its effect on our life. In 2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), IEEE. pp. 510-515. Doi:10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2019.8776989
Ahmed, J.R., 2002. Kirkuk in Antiquity, Dar Aras for Printing and Publishing, Erbil.
Albazzaz, I., and Hussien, H.D., 2017. Advertising Technology and Visual Attraction of Cities Centers. Journal of Engineering, 23(9), pp. 23–44. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2017.09.09
Alwan, A.A., 2009. Preservation of heritage markets within an integrated framework to preserve the urban heritage in the historical centers of cities (selected models and experiments). Center of Urban & Regional Planning for Post Graduate Students, University of Baghdad, 14(2), pp. 105-124.
Alwan, W.A., 2013. Encyclopedia of Tourism and Iraqi Antiquities. Baghdad.
Arena, F., Collotta, M., Pau, G., and Termine, F., 2022. An Overview of Augmented Reality. Computers, 11(2), p.28. Doi:10.3390/computers11020028
Baltsavias, E., Gruen, A., van Gool, L., and Pateraki, M., eds., 2005. Recording, Modeling, and Visualization of Cultural Heritage. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Centro Stefano Franscini, Monte Verita, Ascona, Switzerland, May 22-27, CRC Press.
Banerjee, T., and Loukaitou-Sideris, A., eds., 2011. Companion to Urban Design, Abingdon: Routledge. 1ST Published, p. 256
Bimber, O., and Raskar, R., 2005. Spatial augmented reality: merging real and virtual worlds. CRC press.
Boboc, R.G., Băutu, E., Gîrbacia, F., Popovici, N., and Popovici, D.M., 2022. Augmented reality in cultural heritage: An overview of the last decade of applications. Applied Sciences, 12(19), P. 9859. Doi:10.3390/app12199859
Csapó, J., 2012. The role and importance of cultural tourism in modern tourism industry. Strategies for tourism industry-micro and macro perspectives, 10, pp. 201-212.
Al-Darraji, S.I., 2018. Ancient Urban Monumen
Dela Cruz, D.R., Sevilla, J.S., San Gabriel, J.W.D., Cruz, A.J.P.D., and Caselis, E.J.S., 2018. Design and Development of Augmented Reality (AR) Mobile Application for Malolos' Kameztizuhan (Malolos Heritage Town, Philippines). IEEE Games, Entertainment, Media Conference (GEM) IEEE, pp. 1-9. Doi:10.1109/GEM.2018.8516272.
Department of Antiquities Kirkuk, a collection of photos, plans, and information
Dinç, F., 2018. Neighborhoods of Kirkuk: Spatial Organization of Urban Settlement. Articles on Turkish History-II.
Doxiadis Associates International., 1976. KIRKUK; Final Qala Conservation Study. A Report Prepared for the Ministry of Municipalities of the Government of the Republic of Iraq, Report No.9.
Fritz, F., Susperregui, A., and Linaza, M.T., 2005. Enhancing Cultural Tourism Experiences with Augmented Reality Technologies. 6th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology, and Cultural Heritage VAST.
Ghadban, F., 2014. Tourism Geography. 1st Edition, Dar Al-Yazuri Scientific Publishing, and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Han, D.I., Jung, T., and Gibson, A., 2013. Dublin AR: implementing augmented reality in tourism. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2014: Proceedings of the International Conference in Dublin, Ireland, Springer International Publishing. pp. 511-523. Doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_37
Al-Hermzi, H., 2008. Kirkuk and its National and Cultural Identity, First Edition, Istanbul.
Höllerer, T., and Feiner, S., 2004. Mobile augmented reality. Telegeoinformatics: Location-based computing and services, 21, pp. 221-260.
Ibrahim, A., 1987. The Arab Architects: Hassan Fathy. Centre for Planning and Architectural Studies, Cairo, Egypt.
ICOMOS, 1976. Charter of Cultural Tourism, Brussels, Belgium. www.icomosictc.org/p/1976-icomos-cultural-tourism-charter.html
ICOMOS, 2013. For Places of Cultural Significance. the Burra Charter, Australia. https://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/Th.
ICOMOS, 2002. International Cultural Tourism Charter: Principles and Guidelines for Managing Tourism at Places of Cultural and Heritage Significance. Australia International Council on Monument and Site.
Julier, S., Lanzagorta, M., Baillot, Y., Rosenblum, L., Feiner, S., Höllerer, T., and Sestito, S., 2000. Information filtering for mobile augmented reality. In Proceedings IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR 2000), pp. 3-11. Doi: 10.1109/ISAR.2000.880917
Jung, T.H., and Han, D., 2014. Augmented Reality (AR) in Urban Heritage Tourism, e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR). https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/608512
Jung, Y., Behr, J., and Graf, H., 2011. X3DOM as Carrier of the Virtual Heritage, in Intl. Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS): Proceedings of the 4th ISPRS International Workshop 3D-ARCH, pp. 475-482. Doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-5-W16-475-2011
Kounavis, C.D., Kasimati, A.E., and Zamani, E.D., 2012. Enhancing the Tourism Experience through Mobile Augmented Reality: Challenges and Prospects, International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4(10). Doi:10.5772/51644
LiestØl, G., and Morrison, A., 2015. The power of place and perspective: Sensory media and situated simulations in urban design. Chapter 12, In Mobility and Locative Media. Taylor & Francis., Routledge.
Maarouf, K.N., 2004. The Kurdish Citadel of Kirkuk from its archaeological connotations and historical references, research published in Sardam Al-Arabi, third issue. https://sardem.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/003-1.pdf
Mahmoud, L.Sh., and Alnaqeeb, H.W.H., 2016. Kirkuk Citadel, Yearbook of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists: Studies in the Archaeology of the Arab World, 19(19), pp. 1522-1496. https://cguaa.journals.ekb.eg/article_29672_40c039683464ffefbabb5e9040f7592a.pdf
Medlik, s., 2003. Dictionary of Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality, Third Edition, Routledge.
Microsoft. HoloLens 2. Available online: <https://www.microsoft.com/it-it/hololens/hardware>
Milgram, P., and Kishino, F., 1994. A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays, IEICE Transactions on Information Systems, 77(12), pp. 1321-1329.
Mokhtar, M., and Korumaz, M., 2017. The Adaptive Reuse of Kirkuk Citadel, In ICONARCH International Congress of Architecture and Planning, pp. 139-158. https://iconarch.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarch/article/view/169
Ogi, T., Yamada, T., Yamamoto, K., and Hirose, M., 2001. Invisible interface for the immersive virtual world. In (EGVE/IPT) Immersive Projection Technology and Virtual Environments, pp. 237-246. Doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6221-7_24
Oglu, N.K., 2019. Kirkuk with the pens of travelers (1976-1534). First Edition, Kirkuk.
Ossmann, J., Seirafi, K., and Doppler, C., 2021. Four Ways to Experience Augmented Reality at Museums, Methis, Studia humaniora Estonica. 22(27/28), pp. 244-259. Doi:10.7592/methis.v22i27/28.18451
Peddie, J., 2017. Augmented Reality: Where We Will All Live, Springer.
Pereira, M.N., Otón, M.P., Cotos, J.M., and Remoaldo, P.C., 2018. Applying an augmented reality tool to the Camino de Santiago in Portugal., Technological Developments for Cultural Heritage and eTourism Applications, IGI Global., pp. 120-139. Doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2927-9.ch006
Ripp, M., and Smith, B., 2009. Guidelines for Sustainable Cultural Tourism in Historic Towns and Cities, EU Sustainable Tourism Guidelines.
Saban, F.D., Mokhtar, M., and Akar, T., 2021. Resilience in Intentionally Destroyed Historic Settlements: An Examination on Kirkuk Citadel and the Old Town of Van, Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning, 2(3), pp. 311-326. Doi:10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2i3027
Alsaliq, G.M. R., and Alshami, H.A. A., 2015. Rehabilitation of Monumental., Historical., and Traditional Buildings (Pilot Project strategy in Historical and Traditional Buildings Rehabilitation), Journal of Engineering, University of Baghdad, 21(3), pp. 1–23 Doi: Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2015.03.10
Shushan, P., 2018. Learning-Oriented augmented reality technology. European science review, 1(11-12), pp. 42-46.
Tareq, D.N., and Hussein, S.F., 2017. Sustainable Investment in Architectural Heritage Buildings (Analytical Study of Arabic Models), Journal of Engineering, 23(2), pp. 39–60. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2017.02.10
Tussyadiah, I.P., Jung, T.H., and tom Dieck, M., 2018. Embodiment of Wearable Augmented Reality Technology in Tourism Experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 57(5), pp. 597–611, Doi:10.1177/0047287517709090
UNESCO, 2009. Charter for the Preservation of Digital Heritage.
UNESCO, 1972. Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris. Doi: <https://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/>
UNESCO, 2003. Edition 2020. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
UNWTO, 2021. Big Data in Cultural Tourism: Building Sustainability and Enhancing Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.
Wang, X., and Schnabel, M.A., eds., 2008. Mixed Reality in Architecture, Design, and Construction, Springer Science & Business Media.
Yovcheva, Z., Buhalis, D., and Gatzidis, c., 2012. Smartphone Augmented Reality Applications for Tourism, e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 10(2), pp. 63-66.