أنماط الشارع، النفاذية البصرية، وإمكانية الوصول المكاني إلى وسط المدينة: الحالة بغداد

محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Noor Hadi Alsaffar
Dhirgham Alobaydi

الملخص

تلعب التكوينات الحضرية في المناطق المركزية للمدن دوراً حيوياً في تشكيل الحياة الحضرية، مما يؤثر على جوانب مثل تكوين الشوارع، النفاذية البصرية، وإمكانية الوصول المكاني. وعلى الرغم من هذه الأهمية، لا يزال هناك نقص في الفهم بشأن كيفية تأثير هذه التكوينات على وظائف وحيوية الفضاءات الحضرية. تعالج هذه الدراسة هذه الفجوة البحثية من خلال تحليل الخصائص الحضرية لمنطقتين مركزيتين رئيسيتين في وسط مدينة بغداد وهما: منطقة الشورجة ومنطقة باب الشرقي.


باستخدام إطار منهجي شامل، يدمج البحث بين المناهج النوعية والكمية، بما في ذلك المسوحات الميدانية، رقمنة نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS)، وتحليل التركيب الفضائي للشوارع. أتاحت هذه الطرق فحصاً مفصلاً لأنماط الشوارع، النفاذية البصرية، وإمكانية الوصول المكاني داخل المنطقتين المختارتين للدراسة والاختبار.


كشفت النتائج عن تباينات واضحة بين نمط الشارع العضوي وغير المنتظم في الشورجة، وهو الذي يعزز حركة المشاة وحالات التفاعل الاجتماعي، والنمط الشبكي المنظم في باب الشرقي، وهو النمط المصمم لتسهيل حركة المرور والمركبات والأنشطة التجارية. تسهم الكثافة والتعقيد في تخطيط الشورجة في مستويات عالية من الاتصال المحلي والحياة النابضة في الشوارع، بينما تتماشى النفاذية البصرية العالية وإمكانية الوصول المكاني في باب الشرقي مع دوره كمركز للأعمال التجارية والمالية.


تخلص الدراسة إلى أن المصممين الحضريين والمخططين يجب أن يأخذوا في الاعتبار السياق التاريخي والاحتياجات الحديثة لإنشاء بيئات حضرية قابلة للعيش ومستدامة. من خلال دمج عناصر التصميم الصديقة للمشاة في الشورجة مع مبادئ النفاذية وسهولة الوصول في باب الشرقي، يمكن للمصممين الحضرين والمخططين تعزيز الحيوية الحضرية والاتصال. ينبغي على البحوث المستقبلية توسيع هذا التحليل ليشمل مناطق حضرية أخرى ودمج أساليب تحليلية إضافية لفهم تعقيدات التكوينات الحضرية بشكل أكبر.

تفاصيل المقالة

القسم

Articles

كيفية الاقتباس

"أنماط الشارع، النفاذية البصرية، وإمكانية الوصول المكاني إلى وسط المدينة: الحالة بغداد" (2025) مجلة الهندسة, 31(2), ص 140–155. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2025.02.09.

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