مقارنة الأداء بين ركيزة واحدة ومجموعة ركائز قريبة من المنحدر معرضة لأحمال دورية جانبيةباستخدام تحليل العناصر المحدودة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
تبحث هذه الدراسة في أداء ركيزة واحدة ومجموعة ركائز (2×2) تقع بالقرب من منحدر طيني مشبع تحت الأحمال الجانبية الدورية باستخدام تحليل العناصر المحدودة (FEA). أجريت عمليات المحاكاة باستخدام Plaxis 3D مع نموذج التربة المتصلبة (HSM)، والذي يسمح بتمثيل أكثر دقة لسلوك التربة، وخاصة في ظروف التحميل الدوري. أخذ النموذج في الاعتبار التربة الطينية ذات المعلمات المستمدة من التقرير الجيوتقني الرسمي الذي أعدته مختبرات مكتب الاستشارات الهندسية (CEB) في كلية الهندسة بجامعة بغداد. تم وضع كل من الركيزة الواحدة ومجموعة الركائز على مسافة (4D) من منحدر مرتفع (8 أمتار) مع تدرج (1:4). تضمنت ظروف التحميل الأحمال الرأسية الثابتة والأحمال الجانبية الدورية. أهم النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها، قللت مجموعات الركائز من الإزاحة الجانبية بنسبة 30-50٪ مقارنة بالركائز الفردية، التي عانت من إزاحة أكبر بنسبة 20-40٪ بالقرب من المنحدرات بسبب دعم التربة غير المستوي. تسبب التحميل الدوري أحادي الاتجاه في إزاحات دائمة أكبر من التحميل الدوري ثنائي الاتجاه، بينما زاد التحميل ثنائي الاتجاه من مخاطر التعب، مما أدى إلى تدهور قوة الطين بنسبة تصل إلى 50%. وحدثت ذروة عزم الانحناء عند رؤوس الركائز وقمم المنحدرات، لكن الأكوام المجمعة خفّضت هذه الإجهادات بنسبة 30%.
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