The Effect of Cohesive Debonding Elimination on Enhancing the Flexural Performance of Damaged Unbonded Prestressed Concrete Girders Strengthened Using NSM CFRP
Main Article Content
Abstract
This manuscript studied the effect of U-CFRP wrapped sheet anchorage on the flexural performance of unbonded post-tensioned PC members subjected to partial strand damage and strengthened using CFRP Near-Surface Mounting techniques. The program includes six girders as a control girder, a girder with strand damage of 14.2%, and four girders strengthened by CFRP laminates using the NSM technique with and without U-CFRP wrapped sheet anchorages. The testing results show that the strand damage of 14.2% has reduced the flexural strength of the girder by 5.71%. The NSM-CFRP laminate has a significant effect on flexural strength by 17.4%. On the other hand, the application of end U-CFRP wrapped sheet anchorages improves flexural strength by 27.97% and enhances ductility. The intermediate and successive U-CFRP sheet anchorages increase the flexural strength by 36.56% and 32.61%, enhancing the stiffness at all loading stages and improving the ductility. Semiempirical equations were developed to determine the actual stress of unbonded strands considering the effect of U-FRP-wrapped anchorages.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Abbas, E., and Alzuhairi, A.H., 2020. Effect of maximum size of aggregate on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams analyzed using meso scale modeling. Journal of Engineering, 26(5), pp. 143-155. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2020.05.10
Abbas, H.Q. and Al‐Zuhairi, A.H. 2022b. Flexural strengthening of prestressed girders with partially damaged strands using enhancement of carbon fiber laminates by end sheet anchorages. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12, pp. 8884-8890. Doi:10.48084/etasr.5007
Abbas, H.Q., and Al‐Zuhairi, A.H., 2023. Impact of anchored CFRP composites on the strengthening of partially damaged PC girders. Journal of Engineering, 29, pp. 106-120. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2023.08.08
Abbas, H.Q., and Al‐Zuhairi, A.H., 2022a. Usage of EB-CFRP for improved flexural capacity of unbonded post-tensioned concrete members exposed to partially damaged strands. Civil Engineering Journal, 8(6), pp. 1288-1303. Doi:10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-014
Abdulkareem, B.F., and Izzat, A.F., 2022. Serviceability of post-fire RC rafters with openings of different sizes and shapes. Journal of Engineering, 28(1), pp. 19-32. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2022.01.02
ACI Committee 440-2R, 2017. Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures. American Concrete Institute.
Al-Zuhairi, A.F. and Al-Fatlawi, W.S., 2013. Numerical prediction of bond-slip behavior in simple pull-out concrete specimens. Journal of Engineering, 19(1), pp. 1-17. Doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2013.01.01.
Abdualrahman, S.Q. and Al-Zuhairi, A.H. 2020a. A comparative study of the performance of slender reinforced concrete columns with different cross-sectional shapes. Fibers, 8(6), P. 35. Doi:10.3390/fib8060035
Abdualrahman, S.Q. and Al-Zuhairi, A.H., 2020b. Structural performance of slender RC columns with cross and square-shaped under compression load. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, P.012040. Doi:10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012040
Ahmed, A.R., and Al-Zuhairi, A.H., 2018. Finite element analysis for the response of URM walls supporting RC slab. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7, pp. 259-265.
Al-Ahmed, A.H.A., Al-Zuhairi, A.H. and Hasan, A.M., 2022. Behavior of reinforced concrete tapered beams. Structures, 37, pp. 1098-1118. Doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2022.01.080
Al-Zuhairi, A.H., and Ahmed, A.R., 2018. Height-to-length ratio effect on the response of unreinforced masonry wall subjected to vertical load using detailed-micro modeling approach. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 7, pp. 1456-1462. Doi:10.21275/ART20179673
Al-Zuhairi, A.H., Ahmed, A.R., and Al-Zaidee, S.R., 2022a. Numerical analysis of historical masonry minaret subjected to wind load. Geotechnical Engineering and Sustainable Construction: Sustainable Geotechnical Engineering. Springer. Doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6277-5_44
Al-Zuhairi, A.H., Al-Ahmed, A.H., Abdulhameed, A.A., and Hanoon, A.N., 2022b. Calibration of a new concrete damage plasticity theoretical model based on experimental parameters. Civil Engineering Journal, 8, pp. 225-237. Doi:10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-03
Al-Zuhairi, A.H., Al-Ahmed, A.H.A., Hanoon, A.N., and Abdulhameed, A.A., 2021. Structural behavior of reinforced hybrid concrete columns under biaxial loading. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 18(6), pp. 1-18. Doi:10.1590/1679-78256640
Al-Zuhairi, A.H., and Taj, A.I., 2018. Finite element analysis of concrete beam under flexural stresses using meso-scale model. Civil Engineering Journal, 4, pp. 1288-1302. Doi:10.28991/cej-0309173
Baena, M., Torres, L., Turon, A., and Barris, C., 2009. Experimental study of bond behaviour between concrete and FRP bars using a pull-out test. Composites Part B: Engineering, 40, pp. 784-797. Doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.07.003
Daraj, A. J., and Al-Zuhairi, A. H., 2022. The combined strengthening effect of CFRP wrapping and NSM CFRP laminates on the flexural behavior of post-tensioning concrete girders subjected to partially strand damage. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12, pp. 8856-8863. Doi:10.48084/etasr.5008
El Meski, F., and Harajli, M., 2013a. Flexural behaviour of unbonded posttensioned concrete members strengthened using external FRP composites. Journal of Composites for Construction, 17, pp. 197-207. Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000330
El Meski, F.M., and Harajli, M.H., 2013b. Flexural capacity of FRP strengthened unbonded prestressed concrete members: proposed design guidelines. In 11th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures, FRPCS-11, pp. 26-28.
Elsafty, A., Graeff, M.K., and Fallaha, S., 2014. Behavior of laterally damaged prestressed concrete bridge girders repaired with CFRP laminates under static and fatigue loading. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 8, pp. 43-59. Doi:10.1007/s40069-013-0053-0
Foster, R.M., Brindley, M., Lees, J.M., Ibell, T.J., Morley, C.T., Darby, A.P., and Evernden, M.C., 2017. Experimental investigation of reinforced concrete T-beams strengthened in shear with externally bonded CFRP sheets. Journal of Composites for Construction, 21, P. 04016086. Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000743
Galati, D., and De Lorenzis, L. 2009. Effect of construction details on the bond performance of NSM FRP bars in concrete. Advances in Structural Engineering, 12, pp. 683-700. Doi:10.1260/136943309789867836
Hernoune, H., Benabed, B., Kanellopoulos, A., Al-Zuhairi, A. H., and Guettala, A., 2020. Experimental and numerical study of behaviour of reinforced masonry walls with NSM CFRP strips subjected to combined loads. Buildings, 10, P. 103. Doi:10.3390/buildings10060103
Ibraheem, R.S., and Al-Zuhairi, A.H., 2021. A comparative study on behavior of RC columns strengthened by CFRP and steel jacket. E3S Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences, P. 03002. Doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202131803002
Ibrahim, R.S., and Al-Zuhairi, A.H., 2022. Behavior of RC columns strengthened by combined (CFRP and steel jacket). Materials Today: Proceedings, 61, pp. 1126-1134. Doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.514
Jalil, A., and Al‐Zuhairi, A.H., 2022. Behavior of post-tensioned concrete girders subject to partially strand damage and strengthened by NSM-CFRP composites. Civil Engineering Journal, 8, pp.1507-1521. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-013
Jawdhari, A., Harik, I., and Fam, A., 2018. Behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP rod panels CRP 195. Structures. 16, pp. 239-253. Doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2018.09.014
Kasan, J.L., 2009. Structural repair of prestressed concrete bridge girders (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh).
Meski, F., 2012. Strengthening of unbonded post-tensioned concrete systems using external FRP composites: experimental evaluation and analytical modeling (Doctoral dissertation).
Naqe, A.W. and Al-Zuhairi, A.H. 2020. Nonlinear finite element analysis of rcmd beams with large circular opening strengthened with CFRP material. Journal of Engineering, 26(11), pp. 170-183. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2020.11.11
Nguyen-Minh, L., Phan-Vu, P., Tran-Thanh, D., Truong, Q.P.T., Pham, T.M., Ngo-Huu, C., and Rovňák, M., 2018. Flexural-strengthening efficiency of CFRP sheets for unbonded post-tensioned concrete T-beams. Engineering Structures, 166, pp. 1-15. Doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.065
Naqe, A. W., and Al-Zuhairi, A. H,. 2020. Strengthening of RC beam with large square opening using CFRP. Journal of Engineering, 26(10), pp. 123-134. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2020.10.09
Oukaili, N.K.A., and Buniya, M.K., 2013. Serviceability performance of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite girders. Journal of Engineering, 19(6), pp. 734-751. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2013.06.06
Wei, W., Liu, F., Xiong, Z., Lu, Z. and Li, L. 2019. Bond performance between fibre-reinforced polymer bars and concrete under pull-out tests. Construction and Building Materials, 227, P.116803. Doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116803