Evaluating the Moisture Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Aluminum Dross as a Filler
Main Article Content
Abstract
One of the most essential components of asphalt pavements is the filler. It serves two purposes. First, this fine-grained material (diameter less than 0.075 mm) improves the cohesiveness of aggregate with bitumen. Second, produce a dense mixture by filling the voids between the particles. Aluminum dross (AD), which is a by-product of aluminum re-melting, is formed all over the world. This material causes damage to humans and the environment; stockpiling AD in landfills is not the best solution. This research studies the possibility of replacing part of the conventional filler with aluminum dross. Three percent of dross was used, 10, 20, and 30% by filler weight. The MarshallMix design method was adopted to obtain the optimum asphalt content for the selected aggregate gradation. After that, the mixture was used to evaluate the moisture damage for controlandimproved mixtures. The compressive strength and tensile strength tests were used to estimate the moisture damage to the asphalt mixtures. It was observed that replacing a part of the limestone dust filler with aluminum dross would improve moisture damage resistance. This was approved since the maximum increase in tensile strength ratio (TSR)was found to be 13.42% at 20% of AD, and the maximum increase in the index of retained strength (IRS)was found to be 8.73% at the same AD percent.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Al-Saad, A.A., and Ismael, M.Q., 2022. Rutting prediction of hot mix Asphalt mixtures reinforced by ceramic fibers. Journal of Applied Science. 20(4), pp. 1345–1354. Doi:10.5937/jaes0-38956
ASTM, 2015. Standard test method for relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of coarse, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 1–5. Doi:10.1520/C0127-15.2
ASTM, 2015. Standard test method for relative density ( Specific Gravity ) and absorption of fine aggregate, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 2–7. Doi:10.1520/C0128-15.2
ASTM, 2011. Standard test method for effect of Water on compressive strength of compacted Bituminous mixtures D1075, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 1074–1075. Doi:10.1520/D1075-
2
ASTM, 2015. Standard test method for Marshall Stability and flow of Asphalt mixtures D6927, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 1–7. Doi:10.1520/D6927-15.2
ASTM, 2009. Standard Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures D6931, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 1–5.
ASTM, 2006. Standard test method for viscosity determination of Asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer D4402-06, American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 1–4. Doi:10.1520/D4402
ASTM,2013. Standard test method for penetration of Bituminous materials D5, American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 5–8. Doi:10.1520/D0005-13.2
ASTM, 2002. Standard test method for bulk specific gravity and density of compacted Bituminous D2726, pp. 8–11. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Doi:10.1520/D2726 ASTM, 1996. Standard test method for compressive strength of Asphalt mixtures D 1074, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 1–5. Doi:10.1520/D1074-17.2
ASTM, 2008. Standard Test method for ductility of Bituminous materials D113 − 0, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 1–4. Doi:10.1520/D0113-07.2
ASTM, 2013. Standard test method for soundness of aggregates by use of Sodium Sulfate C88, Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, pp. 2–6. Doi:10.1520/C0088-13.2
ASTM, 2014. Standard test method for softening point of Bitumen ( Ring-and-Ball Apparatus ) D36, Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Doi:10.1520/D0036Volume 30 Number 1 January 2024 Journal of Engineering 205
Busari, A., Adeboje, A., Modupe, A.E., Fadugba, G.O., Loto, R.T., and Abatan, G.O., 2021. Assessment of the engineering properties of modified Asphalt using Aluminium dross as a filler. IOP Conference
Series: Materials Science and Engineering, V1036, 2nd Intern. Conf. on Sustainable Infrastructural Development (ICSID 2020), 27th-28th July 2020, Ota, Nigeria. Doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1036/1/012052
Chelovian, A., and Shafabakhsh, G., 2017. Laboratory evaluation of Nano Al2O3 effect on dynamic performance of stone mastic asphalt. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology,
[online] 10(2), pp. 131–138. Doi:10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.11.004
Dai, C., 2012. Development of Aluminum dross-based material for engineering applications. MSc. thesis in Material Science and Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Diab, A., and Enieb, M., 2018. Investigating influence of mineral filler at asphalt mixture and mastic scales. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11(3), pp. 213–224.
Doi:10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.10.008
Gürer, C., and Selman, G.Ş., 2016. Investigation of properties of asphalt concrete containing boron waste as mineral filler. Materials Science, 22(1), pp. 118–125. Doi:org/10.5755/j01.ms.22.1.12596
Hamedi, G.H., 2017. Evaluating the effect of asphalt binder modification using nanomaterials on the moisture damage of hot mix Asphalt. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 18(6), pp. 1375–1394. Doi:10.1080/14680629.2016.1220865
Ismael, M.Q., and Ahmed, A.H., 2019. Effect of hydrated Lime on moisture susceptibility of Asphalt mixtures. Journal of Engineering, 25(3), pp.89–101. Doi:10.31026/j.eng.2019.03.08
Ismael, M.Q., Joni, H.H., and Fattah, M.Y., 2022. Neural network modeling of rutting performance for sustainable asphalt mixtures modified by industrial waste alumina. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10, P. 101972. Doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101972
Ismael, S.A.M., and Ismael, M.Q., 2019. Moisture susceptibility of Asphalt concrete pavement modified by nanoclay additive. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(12), pp. 2535–2553. Doi:10.28991/cej-2019-
Khaled, T., Ismael, M., 2019. Evaluation of hot mix Asphalt containing reclaimed Asphalt pavement to resist moisture damage. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 23(05).
Doi:10.31272/jeasd.23.5.9
Kordani, A.A., Seifi, S.H., Tehrani, H.G., and Shirini, B., 2021. The effect of different deicing solutions on the moisture susceptibility of Asphalt mixture. SN Applied Sciences, 3(6). Doi:10.1007/s42452-
-04613-5
López-Alonso, M., Martinez-Echevarria, M.J., Garach, L., Galán, A., Ordoñez, J., and Agrela, F., 2019.
Feasible use of recycled alumina combined with recycled aggregates in road construction. Construction and Building Materials, 195, pp. 249–257. Doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.084
Maqbool, S., Khan, A.H., Rizvi, M.A., Inam, A., and Kashmiri, F.A., 2022. Modelling and evaluating moisture susceptibility of laboratory prepared Asphalt concrete mixtures. Ain Shams Engineering
Journal, 13(1). Doi:10.1016/j.asej.2021.05.026Volume 30 Number 1 January 2024 Journal of Engineering 206
Mawat, H.Q., and Ismael, M.Q., 2020. Assessment of moisture susceptibility for Asphalt mixtures modified by carbon fibers. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 6(2), pp. 304–317. Doi:10.28991/cej-
-03091472
Mohammed, S.F., and Ismael, M.Q., 2021. Effect of polypropylene fibers on moisture susceptibility of warm mix Asphalt. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 7(6), pp. 988–997. Doi:10.28991/cej-2021-
Nazal, H.H., and Ismael, M.Q., 2019. Evaluation the moisture susceptibility of Asphalt mixtures containing demolished concrete waste materials. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(4), pp. 845–855.
Doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091293
Raof, H.B., and Ismael, M.Q., 2019. Effect of PolyPhosphoric acid on rutting resistance of Asphalt concrete mixture. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(9), pp.1929–1940. Doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091383
Satish Reddy, M., and Neeraja, D., 2018. Aluminum residue waste for possible utilisation as a material: a review. Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 43(8), pp. 1–8.
Doi:10.1007/s12046
SCRB, 2003. Standard specifications for road and bridge, Section R/9, Hot mix Asphalt concrete
pavement. Revised Edition. State Corporation of Roads and Bridges, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Republic of Iraq
Shen, H., Liu, B., Ekberg, C., and Zhang, S., 2021. Science of the total environment harmless disposal and resource utilization for secondary Aluminum dross : A review. Science of the Total Environment,760, P. 143968. Doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143968
Sutradhar, D., Miah, M., Chowdhury, G., Sobhan, M., 2015. Effect of using waste material as filler in Bituminous mix design. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 3(3), P. 88. Doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20150303.16
Toth, C., zoltán,S., Suzsanna, G., 2017. Utilization of Aluminium dross as Asphalt filler. Silicate Based and Composite Materials, P. 8993. Doi:10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2017.15
Udvardi, B., Géber, R., and Kocserha, I., 2019. Investigation of Aluminum dross as a potential Asphalt filler. International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences. Doi:10.21791/ijems.2019.1.55
Wasilewska, M., Malaszkiewicz, D., and Ignatiuk, N., 2017. Evaluation of different mineral filler aggregates for Asphalt mixtures. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 245(2).
Doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/2/022042
Xiao, Z., Chen, M., Wu, S., Xie, J., Kong, D., and Qiao, Z., 2019. Moisture susceptibility evaluation of
asphalt mixtures containing steel slag powder as filler. Materials, 12(19), P. 3211. Doi:10.3390/ma12193211