REVIEW AN IMPROVEMENT ON TECHNICAL OPERATION IN DRINKING WATER SYSTEM FOR WATER SUPPLY STATION
Main Article Content
Abstract
Water plays a strategic role in the development of many facilities in our country. Still, the biggest construction projects in the world take place in Iraq with the creation of the most ambitious architectural centers. Great water production plants and distribution networks are constructed and management of available water resources is an important issue. This paper includes the identification of the hazards and introduction of control points that serve to minimize these potential hazards that providing more effect control for drinking water quality. We can conclude that end-product testing is a reactive rather than preventive way to demonstrate confidence in good and safe drinking water. This justifies the need for the formulation of a new approach in drinking water Quality Control QC based on understanding of system defense reduces for contamination and on preventive means and actions necessary to guarantee the safety of the water supplied to the consumer. Water safety plan WSP is a concept for risk assessment and risk management throughout the water cycle from the catchments to the point of consumption. This work outline and presents an overview of the first year occurrences in the developing and implementing a WSP in the multi- municipal water supply system for a city area of Baghdad. Since key personnel had contributed to the assessment of hazards and evaluation of corrective actions for control points, a greater understanding of water QC and improvements on technical operation and performance have been register, demonstrating good value for the methodology
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
BARTRAM, J., FEWTRELL, L., STENSTRÖM, T. (2001) Harmonized Assessment of Risk andRisk Management for Water-related Infectious Disease: An Overview. In Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health (edited by Fewtrell L. and Bartram J.), IWA Publishing, London.
Davison A, Howard G, Stevens M, Callan P, Kirby R, Deere D and Bartram J. (2004). Water
Safety Plans. WHO, Geneva.
DEWETTINCK, T., VAN HOUTTE, E., GEENENS, D., VAN HEGE, K., VERSTRAETE, W. (2001) Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) to Guarantee Microbial Safe Water Reuse and Drinking Water Production: A Case Study. (1998), Water Science and Technology 43, nº 12, European Community Directive 98/83/EC.
Helmer, R, Bartram, J and Galal-Gorchev, H, (1999). Regulation of drinking-water standards. Water Supply, 17(3/4): 1-6.
NADEBAUM P., CHAPMAN, M., MORDEN, R. and RIZAK, S. (2004), A guide to Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment for Drinking Water Supplies, CRC for Water Quality and Treatment Research Report Number 11.
NOKES, C., TAYLOR, M. Towards public health risk management plan implementation in New Zealand. In Schmoll, O. and Chorus, I. Water Safety Conference Abstracts, Umweltbundesamt. Text 74/03, Berlin. SNOW, J. (1855), (2003), On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, John Churchill. England.
Payment, P, Richardson, L, Siemiatycki, J, Dewar, R, Edwardes, M and Franco, E.(1991). A
Randomized trial to evaluate the risk of Gastrointestinal disease due to consumption of
drinking water meeting current microbiological standards. American Journal of Public
Health 81(6): 703-708.
STEVENS, M., McCORNELL, S., NADEBAUM, P., CHAPMAN, M., ANANTHAKUMAR, S., and McNEIL, J. (1995), Drinking Water Quality and Treatment Requirements: A Risk-based Approach. Water 22, November/December.
TIBATEMW, S.M., GODFREY, S., NABASIRYE, L., NIWAGABA, C. (2003). Water safety Plans for utilities in developing countries – a case study from Jinja, Uganda. WEDC, Loughborough, UK.
VIEIRA, J.M.P. (2004), Risk Management in Drinking-water (in Portuguese). In Proceedings of XI Portuguese-Brazilian Symposium on Sanitary and Environmental Engineering. Natal-Brazil