Numerical Simulation of Pile Group Response in Slope Layered Soil under the Effect of Seismic Loading
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
This work investigates the effect of earthquakes on the stability of a collective pile subjected to seismic loads in the soil layer. Plaxis 3D 2020 finite element software modeled pile behavior in dry soils with sloping layers. The results showed a remarkable fluctuation between the earthquakes, where the three earthquakes (Halabja, El Centro, and Kobe) and the acceleration peak in the Kobe earthquake had a time of about 11 seconds. Different settlement results were shown, as different values were recorded for the three types of earthquakes. Settlement ratios were increased by increasing the seismic intensity; hence the maximum settlement was observed with the model under the effect of the Kobe earthquake (0.58 g), where subsidence values at the three tremors differed between the pile distribution pattern. The highest drop recorded by the results was 60 mm in a distribution pattern 2×3. In general, increasing the size of the cap leads to an additional drop due to the weight of the cap.
تفاصيل المقالة
القسم
كيفية الاقتباس
المراجع
Amer, A.N., Sobaih, M. and Adel, A., 2016. Investigation of effects of capacity spectrum method on performance evaluation of multi-story buildings according to the IRAQI seismic code requirements. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 6(3), pp. 420-441.
Albusoda, B.S., 2016. Engineering assessments of liquefaction potential of Baghdad soil under dynamic loading. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 20(1), pp. 59-76.
Al-Mosawe, M.J., Al-Shakarchi, Y.J., and Al-Taie, S.M., 2007. Embedded in sandy soils with cavities. Journal of Engineering, 13(1), pp. 1168–1187.
Al-Taie, S.M., 2004. The performance of laterally loaded piles embedded in sandy soils which contains cavities. Master Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Baghdad. Iraq.
Alzabeebee, S., 2020. Dynamic response and design of a skirted strip foundation subjected to vertical vibration, Geomech Engineering, 20 (4), pp. 345-358. Doi:10.12989/gae.2020.20.4.345.
Arosemena, R.L., 2007. Effect of horizontal piles on the soil bearing capacity for circular footing above cavity. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3067, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Ben, Z., 2013. Large-scale finite element simulation of seismic soil-pile foundation-structure interaction. Doctoral thesis, National University of Singapore
Ben, Z., 2013. Large-scale finite element simulation of seismic soil-pile foundation-structure interaction (Doctoral dissertation).
Bowles, L.E., 1988. Foundation analysis and design. McGraw-hill. New York St. Louis San Francisco
Dhar, S., Ozcebe, A.G., Dasgupta, K., Petrini, L., and Paolucci, R., 2019. Different approaches for numerical modeling of seismic soil-structure interaction: impacts on the seismic response of a simplified reinforced concrete integral bridge. Earthquakes and Structure, 17(4), pp. 373-385. Doi:10.12989/eas.2019.17.4.373.
Fattah, M.Y., Zabar, B.S., and Mustafa, F.S., 2020. Effect of saturation on response of a single pile embedded in saturated sandy soil to vertical vibration. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 24(3), pp. 381–400.
Fattah, M.Y., Hamoo, M.J., and Dawood, S.H., 2015. Dynamic response of a lined tunnel with transmitting boundaries. Earthquakes and Structure, 8(1), pp. 275-304. Doi:10.12989/eas.2015.8.1.275.
Fellenius, B.H., 2009. Basics of foundation design, a textbook. Revised Electronic Edition, [WWW. Fellenius. Net], 330.
Fredlund, D.G., and Krahn, J., 1977. Comparison of slope stability methods of analysis. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 14(3). Doi.10.1139/t77-045.
Fukuoka, M., 1977. The effects of horizontal loads on piles due to landslides. In Proceedings of the Specialty Session 10, the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, The Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, pp. 27–42
Griffiths, D.V., and Marquez, R.M., 2007. Three-dimensional slope stability analysis by elasto-plastic finite elements. Geotechnique, 57(6), pp. 537-546. Doi:10.1680/geot.2007.57.6.537.
Hatanaka, M., and Uchida, A., 1996. Empirical correlation between penetration resistance and internal friction angle of sandy soils. Soils And Foundations, 36 (4), pp. 1-9. Doi:10.3208/sandf.36.4_1
Ho, I., 2014. Numerical study of slope-stabilizing piles in undrained clayey slopes with a weak thin layer. International Journal of Geomechanics, 15 (5). Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000445.
Huang, M., Wang, H., Sheng, D., and Liu, Y., 2013. Rotational translational mechanism for the upper bound stability analysis of slopes with weak interlayer. Computers and Geotechnics, 53, pp. 133-141. Doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.05.007.
Ito, T., and Matsui, T., 1975. Methods to Estimate Lateral Force Acting on Stabilizing Piles, Soils and Foundations, 15 (4), pp 43-59. Doi:10.3208/sandf1972.15.4_43
Kholdebarin, A., Massumi, A., and Davoodi, M., 2016. Seismic bearing capacity of shallow footings on cement-improved soils. Earthquakes and Structure, 10(1), pp. 179-190. Doi:10.12989/eas.2016.10.1.179.
Lee, C.Y., Poulos, H.G., and Hull, T.S., 1991. Effect of seafloor instability on offshore pile foundations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 28(5), pp. 729-737. Doi:10.1139/t91-087.
Ling, H.I., and Leshchinsky, D., 1998. Effects of vertical acceleration on seismic design of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures. Geotechnique, 48(3), pp. 347-373. Doi:10.1680/geot.1998.48.3.347
Ling, H.I., Leshchinsky, D., and Perry, E.B., 1997. Seismic design and performance of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures. Geotechnique, 47(5), pp. 933-952. Doi:10.1680/geot.1997.47.5.933.
Liu, Z., Bishop, J.A. and Lindsey, J.K., 2016. Study of combined pile raft foundations for heavy dynamic equipment. In Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016, pp. 829-840.
Michalowski, R.L., 2007. Displacements of multiblock geotechnical structures subjected to seismic excitation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(11) Doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:11(1432)
Newmark, N.M., 1965. Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments. Geotechnique, 15(2), pp. 139–160. Doi:10.1680/geot.1965.15.2.139.
Novak, M., 1974. Dynamic stiffness and damping of piles. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 11(4), pp. 574–598
Novak, M., and Grigg, F.R., 1976. Dynamic experiments with small pile foundations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 13(4), pp. 372–385.
Proceedings of speciality session 10, ninth international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Tokyo, July 1977, pp. 27-42. (in French)
Reese, L.C., Isenhower, W.M. and Wang, S.T., 2005. Analysis and design of shallow and deep foundations (Vol. 10). John Wiley & Sons.
Seed, H.B., Lee, K.L., and Idriss, I.M., 1969. Analysis of the Sheffield dam failure,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. ASCE, 95(6), Doi:10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001352.
Shlash, K.T., Mahmoud, M.R. and Aziz, L.J., 2012. Lateral resistance of a single pile embedded in sand with cavities. Eng. & Tech. Journal, 30(15), pp. 2641-2663.
Sowers, G.F., 1996, June. Building on sinkholes: design and construction of foundations in karst terrain. American Society of Civil Engineers.
Terzaghi, K., 1943, Theoretical Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Viggiani, C., 1981. Ultimate lateral load on piles used to stabilize landslides. 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Stockholm), Sweden, pp. 555-560.