التحديات والصعوبات التي تواجه فحص الجسور في بغداد: دراسة تحليلية
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
تُعد الجسور من أهم عناصر البنية التحتية في بغداد، إذ لم يعد دورها اليوم يقتصر على عبور النهر وربط جانبي الكرخ والرصافة، بل أصبحت أداةً استراتيجيةً لكسر الازدحام المروري الناتج عن الكثافة السكانية والتوسع العمراني الكبير في السنوات الأخيرة. تواجه بغداد تحديات مرورية كبيرة نتيجةً للكثافة السكانية التي تتجاوز ثمانية ملايين نسمة وتزايد عدد المركبات، لذا يجب صيانة الجسور واستدامتها من خلال المراقبة والتفتيش المستمرين، إلا أن عملية التفتيش الحالية تواجه العديد من التحديات. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد التحديات التي تؤثر على التفتيش الأمثل للجسور، وتقديم حلول لتحسين أداء التفتيش. تنبع هذه التحديات من قضايا إدارية وتكنولوجية واقتصادية وبيئية تقلل من موثوقية وكفاءة عملية التفتيش. أجريت الدراسة باستخدام تحليل الأدبيات والمقابلات واستبيان وزع على 65 خبيرًا وأكاديميًا، مع تحليل 50 استجابة إحصائيًا (المتوسط، الانحراف المعياري، ألفا كرونباخ، مؤشر الأهمية النسبية). أظهرت النتائج أن غياب القيادة الفنية المؤهلة (RII = 91.2%)، وضعف الالتزام بتنفيذ جدول التفتيش، وإهمال بعض الجسور لفترات طويلة (RII = 85.2%) كانت أبرز التحديات الإدارية. كما تم تحديد معوقات فنية مثل نقص القدرات التحليلية والمفتشين الأكفاء، وندرة الأموال اللازمة لمعدات التفتيش الحديثة. وشملت العقبات الأخرى ازدحام المرور، وضعف التنسيق مع الجهات المعنية، والقضايا البيئية مثل التآكل الناتج عن الرطوبة. وتؤكد الدراسة على أن معالجة هذه التحديات تتطلب تعزيز الرقابة الإدارية، وبناء قدرات المفتشين، وضمان التمويل الكافي، وتحسين التنسيق مع إدارة المرور، ودمج الاعتبارات البيئية لتحسين كفاءة التفتيش وإطالة عمر الجسور.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
تفاصيل المقالة
القسم
كيفية الاقتباس
المراجع
Abd Alkreem, Z.A., and Breesam, H.K., 2025. The legal and political, government support affecting factors on the implementation of public-private partnerships in residential investment ventures. Journal of Engineering, 31(3), pp. 113–126. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2025.03.07
Altaie, M.R., and Dishar, M.M., 2024. Integration of artificial intelligence applications and knowledge management processes for construction projects management. Civil Engineering Journal, 10(3), pp. 738–756. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-06
Altaie, M.R., and Onyelowe, K., 2024. Identifying failure factors in the implementation of residential complex projects in Iraq. Journal of Engineering, 30(2), pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.02.01
Altaie, M.R., Dishar, M.M., and Muhsin, I.F., 2023. Fundamental challenges and management opportunities in post disaster reconstruction project. Civil Engineering Journal, 9(9), pp. 2161–2174. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-05.
Arshad, T., Karim, A., and Rarasati, A.D., 2024. Factors influencing bridge inspection in developing countries, challenges and future directions: A systematic literature review. Smart City, 4(1), P. 7. https://doi.org/10.56940/sc.v4.i1.12
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2021. Infrastructure Report Card.
Ajwad, A., Qureshi, L.A., Ali, T., Abbas, A., Khan, M.A. and Younis, W., 2017. Investigation regarding bridge bearings deterioration in Pakistan and its remedial measures. Science International, 29(2), pp. 357-357.
Avelina, N., Chang, T., and Chi, S., 2022. Comparative study of bridge inspection practices in Indonesia and foreign countries. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Decem 2022, pp.
980–984. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM55944.2022.9989924
Bekr, G.A., 2015. Causes of delay in public construction projects in Iraq. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(2), pp. 149-162.
Bluman, A.G., 2011 Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach. 8th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Boakye, M.K., and Adanu, S.K., 2022. On-site building construction workers, perspective on environmental impacts of construction-related activities: a relative importance index (RII) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) approach’, Sustainable Environment, 8(1), 2141158. https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2022.2141158
Code of Federal Regulations, 2025. Title 23 – Highways, Part 650, Subpart C: National Bridge Inspection Standards, §650.309 Qualifications of personnel.
Devore, J.L., 2012. Probability and statistics for engineering and the sciences. 8th edn. Boston, MA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), 2002. Bridge Inspector’s Reference Manual (BIRM), Volume 1. Publication No. FHWA NHI 03-001. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Institute.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), 2012. National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration.
Garg, R.K., Chandra, S., and Kumar, A., 2022. Analysis of bridge failures in India from 1977 to 2017. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 18(3), pp. 295–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1832539
Hüthwohl, P., Lu, R., and Brilakis, I., 2016. Challenges of bridge maintenance inspection, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE), Osaka, Japan, 6–8 July, pp. 51–58.
Igbo, A.A., 2010. Cronbach’s alpha: Review of limitations and associated recommendations. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 20(2), pp. 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2010.10820371
Inam, H., Islam, N.U., Akram, M.U., and Ullah, F., 2023a. Smart and automated infrastructure management: A deep learning approach for crack detection in bridge images. Sustainability, 15(3), P. 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031866
Kim, S., Ge, B., and Frangopol, D.M., 2019. Effective optimum maintenance planning with updating based on inspection information for fatigue-sensitive structures. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 58, P. 103003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2019.103003
London Bridges Engineering Group, 2008. LoBEG – London Bridges Engineering Group.
London Bridges Engineering Group, 2010. LoBEG – London Bridges Engineering Group.
Mahjoob, A.M.R., Wali, M.R. and Atyah, H.A., 2016. Exploring the factors affecting the elemental cost estimation with relationship analysis using AHP. Journal of Engineering, 22(8), pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.08.13
Mirzaei, Z., Adey, B.T., Klatter, L., and Kong, J.S., 2012. Overview of existing bridge management systems-report by the
IABMAS bridge management committee. 6th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and
Management (IABMAS 2012). International Association for Bridge Maintenance assnd Safety (IABMAS).
Mohamed Mansour, D.M., Moustafa, I.M., Khalil, A.H., and Mahdi, H.A., 2019. An assessment model for identifying maintenance priorities strategy for bridges. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10(4), pp. 695–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2019.06.003
Nasrollahi, M., and Washer, G., 2015. Estimating inspection intervals for bridges based on statistical analysis of national bridge inventory data. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 20(9), P. 04014104 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000710
Puspitasari, S.D., Harahap, S., and Ika Rahmawati, S., 2023. Bridge inspection implementations and maintenance planning—A comparative analysis of a few distinctive countries. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2482. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110943
Roads Liaison Group (UK), 2013. Management of Highway Structures – A Code of Practice. London: The Stationery Office.
Rooshdi, R.R., Abd Majid, M.Z., Sahamir, S.R., and Ismail, N.A., 2018. Relative importance index of sustainable design and construction activities criteria for green highway. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, pp. 151–156. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863026
Ryan, T.W., Mann, J.E., and Chill, Z.M., 2012. Bridge Inspector’s Reference Manual (BIRM) Volume 1, FHWA NHI Publication No. 12-049, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Sakhare, V.D., and Chougule, M.B., 2020. Construction equipment monitoring: by using relative important indices (RII) analysis. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), 4(4), pp. 501–503.
Soliman, M., and Frangopol, D.M., 2014. Life-cycle management of fatigue-sensitive structures integrating inspection information. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 20(2), P. 04014001 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000169
Tennessee Department of Transportation, 2022. Region Operations – Field Operations: Bridge Inspection Team Lead.
Nashville, TN: Tennessee Department of Transportation.
Vaske, J.J., Beaman, J., and Sponarski, C.C., 2016. Rethinking internal consistency in Cronbach’s alpha, Leisure Sciences, 38(2), pp. 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1127189
VicRoads, 2014. Road Structures Inspection Manual. Victoria: Roads Corporation.
