دمج الذكاء الصناعي والأساليب العددية والاستشعار عن بعد لنمذجة المياة الجوفية المتقدمة: مراجعة شاملة

محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Batool Saleh Al-Khafaji
Mahmoud Saleh Al-Khafaji
Ali Hussain Ali

الملخص

تُعد المياه الجوفية موردًا مهمًا يُستخدم لدعم الأنشطة الزراعية والصناعية والمعيشية، وتزداد أهميتها في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة مثل العراق، حيث أدى شح المياه والتقلبات المناخية إلى زيادة الضغط على الموارد المتاحة. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تقنيات نمذجة المياه الجوفية الحالية ومدى فعاليتها تحت الظروف الهيدرولوجية الضاغطة. وقد تم تحديد أحد أبرز أوجه القصور في هذه التقنيات، والمتمثل في ضعف التكامل بين بيانات الرصد الحقلي، والنمذجة العددية، وإدارة الموارد المائية.


كما استعرضت هذه الدراسة التطورات الحديثة في تقنيات نمذجة المياه الجوفية، بما في ذلك النماذج العددية التقليدية والتقنيات الهجينة الحديثة التي تعتمد على بيانات الاستشعار عن بُعد وتقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي. وقد برزت الحاجة إلى هذا البحث نتيجة لغياب إطار متكامل يجمع بين هذه الأساليب، حيث يتم في الوقت الحالي تطبيق النماذج العددية وتقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي وبيانات الاستشعار عن بُعد بشكل منفصل.


تُعد النماذج الفيزيائية مثل MODFLOW من أكثر الأدوات استخدامًا في نمذجة المياه الجوفية نظرًا لقدرتها الموثوقة على محاكاة جريان المياه الجوفية وعمليات النقل، حيث تمثل حوالي 62% من الدراسات في العراق و60% من الدراسات عالميًا. في المقابل، أظهرت تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي كفاءة عالية في تمثيل الأنماط غير الخطية، إلا أنها تفتقر إلى التفسير الفيزيائي. كما أن تطبيقات الاستشعار عن بُعد، بما في ذلك بيانات GRACE وGLDAS، أظهرت استخدامًا متوسطًا بنسبة تقارب 28% في الدراسات العراقية و23% عالميًا، إلا أنها لا تزال غير مستغلة بشكل كافٍ ضمن الأطر التكاملية.


تُبرز هذه المراجعة وجود توجه متزايد نحو استخدام النماذج الهجينة، وتؤكد على ضرورة دمج النماذج العددية مع تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي والاستشعار عن بُعد بهدف تحسين دقة التنبؤ وتقليل عدم اليقين ودعم الإدارة المستدامة للمياه الجوفية.

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تفاصيل المقالة

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كيفية الاقتباس

"دمج الذكاء الصناعي والأساليب العددية والاستشعار عن بعد لنمذجة المياة الجوفية المتقدمة: مراجعة شاملة" (2026) مجلة الهندسة, 32(7), ص 21–42. doi:10.31026/10.31026/j.eng.2026.07.02.

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