رسم خرائط قابلية حدوث الانهيارات الأرضية بأستخدان نظم المعلومات الجغرافية من خلال عملية التحليل الهرمي : دراسة حالة في بتانك كالي ، سيلانكور ، ماليزيا

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رسم خرائط قابلية حدوث الانهيارات الأرضية بأستخدان نظم المعلومات الجغرافية من خلال عملية التحليل الهرمي : دراسة حالة في بتانك كالي ، سيلانكور ، ماليزيا

مروى سلطان عبد¹، سيتي نور عليا رسلان¹، حلمي زولهيدي مهدي شافري^2،1

قسم الهندسة المدني، كلية الهندسة، جامعة بوترا الماليزية، سيردانك، ماليزيا¹

مركز أبحاث علومات المعلومات الجغرافية المكانية، كلية الهندسة، جامعة بوترا الماليزية، سيردانك، ماليزيا²

خلاصة

تعد الانهيارات الأرضية من ابرز المخاطر البيئية في ماليزيا، ولا سيما في المناطق ذات التضاريس شديدة الانحدار والامطار الموسمية. وتشير السجلات الى وقوع 28 حادثة انهسار ارضي في ماليزيا خلال الفترة بين عامي 1990 و 2011. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تقييم القابلية للانهيارات الأرضية في منطقة بتانك كالي بولاية سيلانكور في ماليزيا بأستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية وعملية التحليل الهرمي. وتم اعداد قاعدة بيانات للانهيارات الأرضية شملت 42 موقعا معروفا للانهيارات بالاعتماد على السجلات التاريخية وتفسير الصور الجوية وبيانات الاستشعار عن بعد والتحقق الحقلي. تم دمج ستة عشر عنصرًا من العناصر المؤثرة، مثل العوامل الطبوغرافية والهيدرولوجية والبيئية والبشرية، في سياق نظم المعلومات الجغرافية وتم ترجيحها بواسطة عملية التسلسل الهرمي التحليلي (AHP) لتطوير خريطة قابلية حدوث الانهيارات الأرضية. استخدمت جميع العوامل المحددة لبناء طبقات مكانية موضوعية ضمن بيئة نظمالمعلومات الجغرافية ، وتم اسناد الاوزان النسبية للعوامل وفقا لاهميتها وتأثيرها في حدوث الانهيارات الأرضية ضمن اطار عملية التحليل الهرمي. وقد تم انشاء خريطة القابلية للانهيارات الأرضية بأستخدام أسلوب التراكب الموزون، ثم تصنيفها الى خمس فئات هي: منخفظة جدا، منخفظة، متوسطة، عالية، عالية جدا. وتم تقييم أداء النموذج بأستخدام تحليل منحى خصائص التشغيل ، حيث أظهرت قيمة المساحة تحت المنحنى دقة تنبؤية بلغت 72.2%، مما يشير الى أداء مقبول للنموذج. وأوضحت النتائج ان 14.78% من منطقة الدراسة تقع ضمن فئة القابلية المنخفضة جدا،  و 25.34% ضمن الفئة المنخفضة، و 20.34% ضمن الفئة المتوسطة، و 25.07% ضمن الفئة العالية ، و 14.47% ضمن الفئة العالية جدا. وتوفر خريطة القابلية الناتجة أداة فعالة لدعم اتخاذ القرار في الحد من مخاطر الانهيارات الأرضية ، وتصميم البنية التحتية، وتحقيق الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في المناطق الجبلية الحساسة.