Effect of Expanded Perlite Aggregate and Silica Fume on Some Properties of Lightweight Concrete
Main Article Content
Abstract
The lightweight concrete is manufactured from aggregates (expanded perlite) with a density of 145 kg/m3 and an absorption of 1.65%. This study has two aspects: a theoretical aspect that includes previous research on this concrete and a practical aspect that provides for conducting two groups of mixtures and preparing them according to ACI 211.2-98 design method. The first group includes cement, perlite, and water, and the second group consists of the addition of superplasticizer and silica fume, Each group included five series with three variables for each series. In the first series, the cement content was changed with a content of (275,300,350) kg/m3 with a volumetric mixing ratio (1:4), while in the second series, the aggregate content was changed only with a cement content of (275) kg/m3 with mixing ratios (1:4.1:5, 1:6) with a ratio of water to cement (0.4), and in the third series (superplasticizer) type (F) is added in different proportions, in the fourth series silica fume was added in three proportions (5%, 10%, 15% ) By replacing the weight of cement and the fifth series, the optimum contents were determined, which have acceptable workability, low density, and compressive strength commensurate with the density. Tests (flowability, dry density, and compressive strength) were carried out. It was observed that the workability, dry density, and compressive strength decreased with increasing perlite content but improved with the addition of superplasticizer and silica fume. The percentage of increase in density was (9% and 32%) at the optimum value of silica fume in 28.7 days, respectively. As for the compressive strength, the percentage of increase was (30% and 36%) in 7 and 28 days, respectively.
Article Details
How to Cite
Publication Dates
Received
Accepted
Published Online First
References
Abdelfattah, M. M., Géber, R., and Kocserha, I., 2023. Enhancing the properties of lightweight aggregates using volcanic rock additive materials. Journal of Building Engineering, 63, P. 105426.
ACI 211.2, 1998. Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete.
ACI 213R, 2014. Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete.
ACI Committee 226. 1987. Silica fume in concrete: Preliminary report, ACI Materials Journal March–April, pp. 158–66.
Ahmad, J., Althoey, F., Abuhussain, M. A., Deifalla, A. F., Özkılıç, Y. O., and Rahmawati, C., 2023. Durability and microstructure analysis of concrete made with volcanic ash: A review (Part II). Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 30(1), 20220211.
Al-Jalawi, N.M., 1997. Properties of Lightweight Concrete with A view to Thermal Insulation and Acoustic Impedance, MSc, University of Baghdad, 1997, P. 13.
ASTM C 109, 2020. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens).
ASTM C1240, 2015 .Standard Specification for Use of Silica Fume as a Mineral Admixtures in Hydraulic-Cement Concrete, Mortar and Grout‖, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp.1-8.
ASTM C1437, 2020.Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar.
ASTM C311, 2016. Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete,pp. 1-16.
ASTM C330, 2014. Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete.
ASTM C332, 2017. Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulating Concrete.
ASTM C494, 2017. Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete‖, Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
ASTM C567, 2005. Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete.
ASTM C618, 2015. Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, P.1-1.
Azimi-Pour, M., Eskandari-Naddaf, H., 2018. ANN and GEP prediction for simultaneous effect of nano and micro silica on the compressive and flexural strength of cement mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 189, 978–992.
Demirboǧa, R., and Gül, R., 2003. Thermal conductivity and compressive strength of expanded perlite aggregate concrete with mineral admixtures. Energy and Buildings, 35(11), pp. 1155-1159. Doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.09.002.
Demirboğa, R., and Örüng, İ., Gül, R., 2001. Effects of expanded perlite aggregate and mineral admixtures on the compressive strength of low-density concrete. Cement and Concrete.Research, 31(11), pp. 1627-1632. Doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00615-9.
Hachim, Q.J.A. and Fawzi, N.M., 2012. The effect of different types of aggregate and additives on the properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete. Journal of engineering, 18(08), pp.875-888. Doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2012.08.02
Hnaihen, K. H., 2020. The appearance of bricks in ancient mesopotamia. Athens Journal of History, 6(1), pp. 73-96.
Ibrahim, M., and Ahmad, A., 2020. Durability of structural lightweight concrete containing expanded perlite aggregate. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 14, pp. 1-15. Doi:10.1186/s40069-020-00425-w.
IQS No.1703, 1992. Water used in concrete, Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control. Iraqi Specification
IQS No.5, 2019. Portland Cement‖, The Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control. Iraqi Standard
Islam, A. B. M. S., Kutti, W. A., Nasir, M., Kazmi, Z. A., and Sodangi, M., 2022. Potential use of local waste scoria as an aggregate and SWOT analysis for constructing structural lightweight concrete. Advances in Materials Research-an International Journal, 11(2), pp. 147-164.
Janca, M., Siler, P., Opravil, T. and Kotrla, J., 2019. Improving the dispersion of silica fume in cement pastes and mortars. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 583, No. 1, p. 012022). IOP Publishing.
Karthika, R. B., Vidyapriya, V., Sri, K. N., Beaula, K. M. G., Harini, R., and Sriram, M., 2021. Experimental study on lightweight concrete using pumice aggregate. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43, pp. 1606-1613.
Khonsari, V., Eslami, E., Anvari, A., 2010. Effects of expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) on the mechanical behavior of lightweight concrete. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference on fracture and mechanics of concrete & concrete structure (FraMCoS-7), Jeju, Korea, pp. 1354-1361. https://framcos.org/FraMCoS-7/11-10.pdf.
Li Y.F., Wang H.F., Syu J.Y., Ramanathan G.K., Tsai Y.K., Lok M.H. 2021. Mechanical properties of Aramid/Carbon hybrid Fiber-Reinforced concrete. Materials. 2021; 14(19), P. 5881. Doi:10.3390/ma14195881 .
Mohmmad,H., and Nada ,M., and Zeen, A., 2010. Development of Lightweight Heat Insulating Concrete. 28(13). https://www.researchgate.net/publication.
Nada, M., and Aliaa, F., 2009. Product high performance concrete by use different type of local pozolana. Journal of engineering, 15(1), pp. 620-632. Doi: 10.31026/j.eng.2009.01.03
Nicolas A., M. Shekarchi, M. Mahoutian, P. Soroushian, 2011. Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete made with natural pumice, Construction and Building Materials, 25(5), pp. 2458-2464, Doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.058
Tapan, M., and Engin, C., 2019. Effect of expanded perlite aggregate size on physical and mechanical properties of ultra lightweight concrete produced with expanded perlite aggregate. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 63(3), pp. 845-855. Doi:10.3311/PPci.12680.
Thienel, K., and Haller, T., and Beuntner, N., 2020. Lightweight concrete from basics to innovations. Materials, pp.13 (5), P. 1120. Doi:10.3390/ma13051120.
Thorstensen, R. T., and Fidjestol, P., 2015. Inconsistencies in the pozzolanic strength activity index (SAI) for silica fume according to EN and ASTM. Materials and Structures, 48, pp. 3979-3990. Doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0457-6.
Wang, X., Wu, D., Geng, Q., Hou, D., Wang, M., Li, L., Wang, P., Chen, D. and Sun, Z., 2021. Characterization of sustainable ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) including expanded perlite. Construction and Building Materials, 303, p.124245.
Wietek, B., 2021. Fiber Concrete: In Construction. Springer Nature. Springer Wiesbaden, Doi:10.1007/978-3-658-34481-8.