Inclusive Architecture for Individuals with Visual Impairments: A Study of Pacelli School for the Blind and Partially Sighted in Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

This research on architecture examines the challenges faced by individuals with visual impairments as they navigate schools and other built environments. It highlights the idea of "architectural visual bias," which favors sight over other sensory experiences. The study promotes architectural designs that go beyond visual considerations to enhance sensory interactions, ultimately aiming to make spaces more accessible to those with visual impairments. The objective is to identify the requirements of visually impaired individuals in the built environment, propose design principles and recommendations for inclusive architecture, and create a design for Pacelli School for the blind and partially sighted that embodies inclusive architectural design principles. A qualitative approach, including observations, interviews, and case studies, demonstrated how tactile surfaces, auditory signals, and olfactory cues enhance spatial awareness, stressing the importance of refining urban and architectural designs to support independent mobility in everyday activities for the visually impaired. The research indicates that such designs should employ strategies such as tactile feedback, sound indicators, and careful consideration of form and function to improve safety, mobility, and orientation for students. It illustrates why designers should integrate multisensory architectural principles to promote inclusivity. The study wraps up by urging professionals to follow universal design principles and other relevant guidelines that accommodate a range of abilities, ensuring that designs are not just accessible but inclusive for everyone.