Modeling and Simulation of Copper Removal from the Contaminated Soil by a Combination of Adsorption and Electro-kinetic Remediation
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
Electro-kinetic remediation technology is one of the developing technologies that offer great promise for the cleanup of soils contaminated with heavy metals. A numerical model was formulated to simulate copper (Cu) transport under an electric field using one-dimensional diffusion-advection equations describing the contaminant transport driven by chemical and electrical gradients in soil during the electro-kinetic remediation as a function of time and space. This model included complex physicochemical factors affecting the transport phenomena, such as soil pH value, aqueous phase reaction, adsorption, and precipitation. One-dimensional finitedifference computer program successfully predicted meaningful values for soil pH profiles and Cu concentration profiles. The model considers that: (1) electrical potential in the soil is constant with the time; (2) the effect of temperature is negligible; and (3) dissolution of soil constituents is negligible. The predicted pH profiles and transport of copper in sandy loam soil during electrokinetic remediation were found to reasonably agree with the bench-scale electro-kinetic
experimental results. The predicted contaminant speciation and distribution (aqueous, adsorbed, and precipitated) allow for an understanding of the transport processes and chemical reactions that control electro-kinetic remediation.
تفاصيل المقالة
كيفية الاقتباس
تواريخ المنشور
المراجع
Acar, Y.B., Alshawabkeh, A.N., 1993. Principles of electro-kinetic remediation. Environ. Sci.Technol., 27, 2638-2647.
Acar, Y.B., Gale, R.J., Alshawabkeh, A.N., Marks, R.E., Puppala, S., Bricka, M., Parker, R.,1995. Electro-kinetic remediation: basics and technology status. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 40, 117- I37.
Acar, Y.B., Alshawabkeh, A.N., Parker, R.A., 1997. Theoretical and experimental modeling of multi-species transport in Soils under electric fields. USEPA/600/R-97/045.
Ahmed, H., 2004. Evaluation and enhancement of electro-kinetic technology for remediation of chromium copper arsenic from clayey soil. PHD Thesis, Florida state University, college of engineering.
Baraud, F., Tellier, S., Astruc, M., 1997. Ion velocity in soil solution during electro-kinetic remediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 56, 315-332.
Baraud, F., Tellier, S., Astruc, M., 1999. Temperature effect on ionic transport during soil electro-kinetic treatment at constant pH. Journal
of Hazardous Materials, B: 64, 263–281.
Caliman, F.A., Robu, B.M., Smaranda, C., Pavel, V.L., Gavrilescu, M., 2011. Soil and groundwater cleanup: benefits and limits of emerging
technologies. Clean Techn. Environ. Policy, 13, 241–268.
Chung, H. and Lee, M., 2007. A new method for remedial treatment of contaminated clayey soils by electro-kinetic coupled with permeable reactive barriers. Electrochim. Acta., 52, 3427- 3431.
Evanko, C.R., Dzombak, D.A., 1997. Remediation of metals-contaminated soils and groundwater. Technology evaluation report, TE97-01. Gound-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center, Pittsburgh University, EPA.
Greičiūtė, K., and Vasarevičius, S., 2007. Decontamination of heavy-metal polluted soil by electro-kinetic remediation. GEOLOGIJA, 57, 55- 62.
Hansen, H.K., Rojo, A., Ottosen, L.M., 2007. Electro-kinetic remediation of copper mine tailings implementing bipolar electrodes. Electrochimica. Acta., 52, 3355-3359.
Kim, S.O., Moon, S.H., Kim, K.W., 2001. Removal of heavy metals from soils using enhanced electro-kinetic soil processing. Water,
Air, and Soil Pollution, 125, 259-272.
Kim, S.O., Kim, J.J. Yun, S.T., Kim, K.W., 2003. Numerical and experimental studies on cadmium (II) transport in kaolinite clay under electrical fields, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 150, 135- 162.
Kim, S.O., Kim, J.J., Kim, K.W., Yun, S.T., 2004. Models and experiments on electro-kinetic removal of Pb (II) from kaolinite clay. SEPARATION Science and Technology, 39, 1927-1951.
Ouhadi, V.R., Yong, R.N., Shariatmadari, N., Saeidijam, S., Goodarzi, A.R., Safari-Zanjani, M., 2010. Impact of carbonate on the efficiency of heavy metal removal from kaolinite soil by the electro-kinetic soil remediation method. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, 87-94.
Page, M.M., Page, C.L., 2002. Electroremediation of Contaminated Soils. Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE), 128, 208-219.
Saeedi, M., Jamshidi, A., Shariatmadri, N., Falamaki, A., 2009 . An investigation on the efficiency of electro-kinetic coupled with carbon
active barrier to remediate nickel contaminated clay. Int. J. Environ. Res., 3(4), 629-636.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Batch-Type procedures for estimating soil adsorption of chemicals, EPA/530/SW-87/006-F, April, 1992.
Virkutyte J., Sillanpaa M., Latostenmaa P., 2002. Electro-kinetic soil remediation - critical overview, The Science of the Total Environment, 289, 97-121.
Yu, J.W., Neretnieks, I., 1996. Modeling of transport and reaction processes in a porous medium in an electrical field. Chemical Engineering Science, 51(19), 4355-4368.
Yu, J.W., Neretnieks, I., 1997. Theoretical evaluation of a technique for electro-kinetic decontamination of soils. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 26, 291-299.